Econometrics Analysis Of Gross National Income On Consumption Expenditure Of Federal Republic Of Nigeria Between (2011)
This work was done to analyze the impact of public spending on poverty eradication in Nigeria from (1980-2011). In this research work, multiple regression analysis was used and five variables were used in the empirical analysis. They are government expenditure on agriculture and water resources (AGWR), health (HTH) education (EDU) transportation and communication (TRCM) and Housing and environment. The data used in this research was collected from secondary data obtained from National Bureau of Statistics (2008) (MBS), and CBN statistical bulletin. The major findings shows that government expenditure on health, education and transport and communication are insignificant and a unit increase of government expenditure in these sectors will reduce poverty level. While that of agriculture and water resources, and housing and environment are significant and a unit increase will increase poverty level. Recommendation were proffered based on the findings of this research. That the government at all level should ensure that its expenditure are channeled towards projects that will reduce poverty level in Nigeria.
This research examines the role of accounting in the control of public expenditures in Nigeria, a case study of control bank of Nigeria, Enugu State. The researcher adopted descriptive survey design. The population of the study is the combination of internal audit department staff and accounting department staff making it a total of 41. The research used both primary and secondary source of data. In view of this, three research questions were formulated to generate expected answers. Literal works were reviewed for proper understanding and guidance. Questionnaires, personal interview and observation were used for collect of primary data. Secondary source of data were collect from text books, periodical, articles and journals. Tables and simple percentage were used for data analysis, hypothesis were tested using chi-square statistics. Based on the findings, the researcher found out that few of the staff were not following due accounting principles thereby causing inadequate and improper pursuit of the accounting records Omission of certain book-keeping records, improper audit. The staff and management of central bank of Nigeria has now adopted accounting standard, and the balance of power on NASC, financial analyst government agencies and others. Finally the researcher proffered among other use of accounting principle and standard in the company.
This study is motivated by the fact that federal expenditure and money supply as a tool on the rate of unemployment. But to which extent, these instrument have contributed either to worsen the problem of unemployment or alleviate it.
To investigate this problem, two hypotheses were formulated as follows.
Ho: There is no relationship between money supply and unemployment.
Hi: There is no relationship between federal expenditure and unemployment.
In testing the hypothesis, secondary data was used and analyzed using regression and correlation analysis as well as student t-test. The following are summary of the major findings from the analysis carried out in the study.
Federal expenditure and money supply contributed little to the reduction on the rate unemployment between (1980-2000).
The package of National directorate of employment programme conmcerning encouragement and generation of employment opportunities for most especially school teachers from secondary school and graduate from higher institution seems to be less vigorous since 1992 till date.
The inability of government of both federal and state levels to lift embargo on public sector employment from (1994 to August 1999) could be partly responsible for the high level of graduate unemployment in the Urban areas.
On the strength of the findings, the following recommendations were made.
The use of these tools (federal expenditure and money supply) need to be reviewed to enhance their potential for addressing the rate of unemployment.
Alternative tools may be used to complement federal expenditure and money supply towards the alleviation on the rate of unemployment.
The tool thrust should be the establishment of most micro-credit scheme to assist enterprising unemployed people to set on micro business across the country.
There is need to build up human capital, this mean improving the knowledge, shall, capacities and the mental and physical conditions of the masses.
This study is motivated by the fact that federal expenditure and money supply as a tool on the rate of unemployment. But to which extent, these instrument have contributed either to worsen the problem of unemployment or alleviate it.
To investigate this problem, two hypotheses were formulated as follows.
Ho: There is no relationship between money supply and unemployment.
Hi: There is no relationship between federal expenditure and unemployment.
In testing the hypothesis, secondary data was used and analyzed using regression and correlation analysis as well as student t-test. The following are summary of the major findings from the analysis carried out in the study.
Federal expenditure and money supply contributed little to the reduction on the rate unemployment between (1980-2000).
The package of National directorate of employment programme conmcerning encouragement and generation of employment opportunities for most especially school teachers from secondary school and graduate from higher institution seems to be less vigorous since 1992 till date.
The inability of government of both federal and state levels to lift embargo on public sector employment from (1994 to August 1999) could be partly responsible for the high level of graduate unemployment in the Urban areas.
On the strength of the findings, the following recommendations were made.
The use of these tools (federal expenditure and money supply) need to be reviewed to enhance their potential for addressing the rate of unemployment.
Alternative tools may be used to complement federal expenditure and money supply towards the alleviation on the rate of unemployment.
The tool thrust should be the establishment of most micro-credit scheme to assist enterprising unemployed people to set on micro business across the country.
There is need to build up human capital, this mean improving the knowledge, shall, capacities and the mental and physical conditions of the masses.
The project tilled the effectiveness of a financial control in the pubic sector is very special to the government units. Federal, state and local gout etc.
Filament funds are faced with a 1st of problems such as the difficulty in acquisition of funds as well as application of such funds so raised. The adaptation of weak system of accounting funds in the cash unit etc.
The first part of this project will deal with introductory part of the study historical back ground, it further highlighted the contributions of the federal misty to national economy as well the props and scope of this study.
Chapter two will show the nature and attributes of financial control, it’s utility in pubic sector.
Chapter three aims at how data were collected through secondary sources.
Chapter four deals with how data analyzed and presented through questionnaires, simple percentage was used. The hypothesis which assumption of excess expenditure and fraud being due to the altitude of vote controller was tested using percentage .chapter five, this is summary conduction and recommendation of the evaluations of the effectiveness of financial control in the pubic sector.
The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of budgeting on the economic development of the state to determine the factors which account for the difference between the capital expenditure and the recurrent expenditure and to take an overview of the analysis of the relationship between estimated and actual expenditure in the last five financial years. The study is aimed at improving budgeting as an effective tool for financial planning and control in the state public sector. Some of the problem associated with this study include , ascertaining whether the budget is usually prepared aimed at realizing the states objectives or if the budgets and make them look ambitious why are budget bigger or smaller over the year? What account for deficits or surplus budgets?
Five years consolidated financial statement of estimates of Enugu state of Nigeria , approved revenue estimated , actual revenue and revised revenue estimates. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire and it was self-administered. The data so collected was put in a form that allowed for easy comparison.
The findings reveal the “call circulars” are issued in July and that the “estimates committee” is the only body charged with reviewing proposals from every ministry and government bodies. The state has not adopted the planning programming and budgeting system [ PPBS]. The states major source of revenue are the federation account and states internal revenue though the states share of the federation account is received monthly , it is received short of the expected revenue. It was also found that while the civilian budget was mostly done at a deficit, that of military government is either a balanced one or a surplus one.
The implication of this findings for budget preparations ,revenue control and budgeting techniques , measurement and assessment are discussed. Some recommendations are made regarding how budgeting can be improved to help check the up- surge of recurrent expenditure and improving the internally generated revenue.