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Design And Construction A Digital Clock With Calendar And Timetable

Designing and constructing a digital clock with calendar and timetable functionalities involves the integration of various components and technologies to create a comprehensive timekeeping system. This project entails the utilization of electronic hardware such as microcontrollers, display modules (such as LED or LCD screens), real-time clock (RTC) modules for accurate timekeeping, and input interfaces for setting the calendar and timetable. The digital clock aspect involves displaying the current time in hours, minutes, and optionally seconds, while the calendar functionality incorporates features like date, month, and year display, as well as handling leap years and daylight saving time adjustments. Additionally, implementing a timetable feature enables users to set reminders or alarms for specific events or tasks, which requires programming logic to manage and trigger notifications at predefined times. By synergizing these components and functionalities, a comprehensive digital clock with calendar and timetable capabilities can be realized, serving as a versatile time management tool for various applications.

ABSTRACT

Digital project is developed for the users to use a digital display instead of analogue. The main parts of this project are key pad, microcontroller unit and LCD display.

This Digital device was designed using Microcontroller to display digital calendar, which displays the Date, Day, Month and schedules over the LED display. It has an 8 bit Microcontroller which runs on the Program embedded on its ROM. Separate seven segment displays are provided for the date, day, and month. The system has an battery backup so that it can run over all the time even during the power failure.

The user can set the time, date, day and their schedules using the key pad. When the user sets the timings, the settings will be displayed in the LCD display. The settings are stored in the microcontroller memory. When the function key is turned on, the microcontroller sends data to the LCD display to display the current time, date and day.

If necessary, the user can modify the settings using the key pad. This project is very cheap and compact. Since microcontroller is used, the operations will be very accurate.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Abstract v

Table of Contents vi

List of Table vii

List of Figure viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 2

AIM 2
OBJECTIVES 2
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 3
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 3

2.5 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY 3

2.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE STUDY

2.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

2.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS 9

STAGES IN THE EMBEDDED DIGITAL CLOCK WITH

CALENDAR 9

POWER SUPPLY UNIT 9

2.2.2 THE LOGIC UNIT 10

2.2.3 PROGRAM SECTIONS 11

2.2. CONTROL UNIT 15

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 DESIGN ANALYSIS, AND CALCULATIONS 16

3.4 PROGRAMMING THE MICROCONTROLLER 22

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 THE CONSTRUCTION 24

4.1 IMPLEMENTATION 25

4.1.1 COMPONENTS 25

4.1.2 COMPONENT TESTING 25

4.1.3 ASSEMBLING OF COMPONENTS ON BREADBOARD 26

4.2 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

4.3 THE SYSTEM OPERATION 27

4.3.1 CONTROLS 27

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION 29

5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS 30

REFERENCES 31

APPENDIX 32

LIST OF TABLE

Table Title Pages

TABLE: 2.2.3 CONVERTING DIGITS TO SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY BITS 13

TABLE 4.2: VOLTAGE REGULATOR TEST RESULT 27

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Pages

FIG.1.0 THE PIC16F877 INTERNAL STRUCTURE 1

FIG 2.0 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A DIGITAL CLOCK

WITH CALENDAR DISPLAY 8

FIG. 2.2.1 POWER SUPPLY UNIT 10

FIG. 2.2.2 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT 11

FIG2.2.3 SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY 12

FIG 2.2.4a MASKING OF SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY 14

FIG 2.2.4b SCANNING AND MULTIPLEXING OF SEVEN

SEGMENT DISPLAY 14

FIG 3.0 BLOCKS DIAGRAM OF THE STAGES IN DIGITAL

CLOCK WITH CALENDAR 16

FIG 3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF MCU CONFIGURATION

WITH LED DISPLAY 16

FIG 3.2 EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR IN RC MODE 20

FIG. 3.3 RC OSCILLATOR 21

FIG 3.4 PROGRAMMING THE PIC 22

FIG 4.1.3 TESTING THE DISPLAY UNIT SEGMENTS 26

FIG 4.0 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF DIGITAL CLOCK

WITH CALENDAR 28

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, so many electronics comes with digital display. A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual form. When the input information is supplied has an electrical signal, the display is called an electronic display.

Some displays can show only digits or alphanumeric characters. They are called segment displays, because they are composed of several segments that switch on and off to give appearance of desired glyph. The segments are usually single LEDs or liquid crystals. They are mostly used in digital watches and pocket calculators.

This particular work focuses on the design of three different digital display devices – digital clock, digital calendar and digital timetable. And they described as below:

Digital clock is very useful projects for final year students. It has an Inbuilt Real Time Clock which tracks over the Real Time. It displays the time in hh:mm:ss format. The time and date can be changed at any Time using the switch. The Real Time Clock is displayed on LCD display.

A digital timing circuit (digital clock) is something we use and depend on every day. The timing circuit used in this project will be entirely hardware based. It will consist of two timing signals, a 60Hz clock pulse used as the main timing signal (multiples of 60s) and a 1kHz clock pulse used for multiplexing a 7-segment display for the clock. The 60Hz clock pulse will be divided by sixty multiple times in order to provide a pulse for seconds, minutes and hours. These pulses will be counted, stored in memory registers and then displayed to show the current time.

Digital timetable is a large outdoor advertising/displaying structure, typically found in school, high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Digital timetable present large information to passing pedestrians and drivers. Typically showing large figures and letters, and distinctive visuals, billboards are highly visible in the top designated market areas.

Digital timetables are used to deliver advertising and informational messages to students people who are passing by the displays. Unlike LCD monitors used on laptops and smartphones, Digital timetables use clusters of highly efficient, very bright light emitting diodes (LEDs) to display full-color display of information. Depending on regulatory and technical considerations, this content may be a series of static slides, a broadcast-quality video or animation sequence, or a combination of both.

A calendar organizes days for social, religious, commercial or administrative purposes. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months and years. A date is the designation of a single, specific day within such a system. A calendar is also a physical record (often paper) of such a system. A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a court calendar or a partly or fully chronological list of documents, such as a calendar of wills.

Periods in a calendar (such as years and months) are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon. The most common type of pre-modern calendar was the lunisolar calendar, a lunar calendar that occasionally adds one intercalary month to remain synchronized with the solar year over the long term.

Digital calendar is very useful projects for final year students. This project replaces the Printed Calendars. We can set the reminders on events or alarm at a particular time and date. We can use the LED array for larger display.

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Our objective is to create a system that consists of:

Digital display which is flexible and scalable enough to accommodate the requirements of most calendars of the year
a Calendar Management Tool which allows users to manage their events stored in a central repository, easily share their events with other campus calendars and customize their calendar’s appearance
a device that will display the time in seconds, minutes and hours. In addition to this, it will also display time. We can also set the time using the switch.
A device that catches a person’s attention and create a memorable impression very quickly, leaving the reader thinking about the advertisement after they have driven past it. Digital timetables can be used to display time of activities in the school.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The project will display the date, month and year. In addition to this, it will also display time. We can also set the date and time.

The purpose of our project is to design a complete digital device which will be deployable in the campus. This device will allow all campus or any other places it applied to manage and store event information, manage their time and schedules in such a way that it can be easily shared with other calendars.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

You truly cannot be an organized human being unless you use a good calendar system! And if you’re still someone who likes to keep all of their appointments, activities, and reminders on a paper calendar- I highly encourage you to consider tossing out the paper and find an electronic calendar system that works for you.

One of the most beautiful things about digital calendars is that they can be synced, so you can have your calendar on your smart phone, your tablet, your laptop, as well as it can sync to your husband’s electronic calendar and your kids’ calendars. So no matter where you are- you can easily look up and see what your current appointments are for any given day. And the important people in your life can know the latest schedule and commitments too- without coming home and consulting the kitchen wall.

Digital clock is important in that one can have clock on your smart phone, your tablet, your laptop, as well as it can sync to your husband’s electronic clock and your kids’ clock. So no matter where you are- you can easily look up and see what your current appointments are for any given day. And the important people in your life can know the latest schedule and commitments too- without coming home and consulting the kitchen wall.

Some of the most prominent digital timetables are alongside class rooms; since passing students typically have little to occupy their attention; the impact of the timetable is greater. Digital timetables are often drivers’ primary method of finding lecture time, exam time etc.

Keep students updated in real time with flexible messaging options.

Change copy within minutes without any printing or installation costs.

1.4 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Even if there is power failure, the device displays the right date, time, and school schedules that it should display, when the power is back.
Simplicity of the system.
Accuracy of the system.

1.5 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
Because digital device is very small and inexpensive devices that enhance the popularity of product designs, they are often incorporated into all kinds of devices such as:
• Cars
• Radios
• Televisions

In schools
In worshiping centers
Car garages, etc.

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Costs for displaying using this medium may also be significantly more than analogue means of these devices.
It cost higher techniques and knowledge to use or maintained than the analogue or Manuel type.

1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.