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Design And Construction An Auto Turn-Off Battery Charger

Designing and constructing an auto turn-off battery charger involves creating a device that automatically stops charging a battery once it reaches full capacity, thus preventing overcharging and potential damage to the battery. This entails integrating components such as a voltage regulator, a microcontroller, and a relay switch into the charger’s circuitry. The voltage regulator ensures a stable output voltage, while the microcontroller monitors the battery’s voltage level. When the battery reaches its maximum charge, the microcontroller signals the relay switch to disconnect the charging circuit, effectively halting the charging process. Additionally, incorporating safety features like temperature sensors and short-circuit protection enhances the charger’s reliability and safeguards against potential hazards. Through careful design and implementation of these features, an auto turn-off battery charger offers efficient and safe charging for various electronic devices, vehicles, and renewable energy systems.

ABSTRACT

This project is titled design and construction of an auto turn off battery charger. Automatic battery charger presented here is charger that is designed to charge cell phone. An Auto turn off battery charger proceeds to charge battery automatically. When the battery is charged it will shut off

The objective of this project is to design and construct an electronic device that will supply electrical energy (charges) to a cell phone battery, in a process to restore the battery’s used up energy which will automatically shut-off immediately the battery is fully charged.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
METHODOLOGY
PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF BATTERY CHARGER

2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BATTERY CHARGER

2.3 REVIEW OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

2.4 REVIEW OF CHARGER UNITS

2.5 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BATTERY CHARGERS

2.6 REVIEW OF CELL PHONE BATTERY

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.4 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.5 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.6 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION OBSERVATIONS

4.6 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE SYSTEM

4.7 COST OF PRODUCTION

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY
CONCLUSIONS/SUGGESTIONS

5.3 REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

An auto turn off charger is an electrical device employed in charging cell phone batteries known as “lithium-ion battery”. This charger automatically shut off the charging process when battery attains full charge. This prevents the deep charge of the battery. If the battery voltage is below the set value, then circuit automatically charges the battery.

An Auto turn off battery charger is a good option for people who don’t like having to mess with the battery charging process too much. Simply hook the battery up to an Auto turn off battery charger and it will proceeds to charge our cell phone battery automatically. When the battery is charged it will shut off. Hooking a battery up to an Auto turn off battery charger is really easy too. Simply hook the alligator clips up to the battery posts and leave the Auto turn off battery charger plugged in. A battery will never get overcharged with an Auto turn off battery charger. Many people choose an Auto turn off battery charger over a manual battery charger can fry our batteries by not shutting off when the battery is charger up. This can cause a lot of headaches and prevent us from getting the life expectancy out of the batteries we purchase.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the last decade battery charger built then only charge and keep charging the battery even when the battery is fully charged, and this exposes the battery to overcharge and explosion, this can also cause a lot of headaches and prevent us from getting the life expectancy out of the batteries we purchase.. To solve this problem, an auto-turn of charger was built. A battery will never get overcharged with an Auto turn off battery charger. Many people choose an Auto turn off battery charger over a manual battery charger can fry our batteries by not shutting off when the battery is charger up.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is constructing a charger that will automatically shut off the charger when battery attains full charge. This prevents the deep charge of the battery. If the battery voltage is below the set value, then circuit automatically on the device.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

A manual battery charger can fry our batteries by not shutting off When the battery is charged up where as this battery charger will never get overcharged with an auto turn off battery charger. This charger provides the full life expectancy out of the batteries we purchase.
Easy to use.

iii. Simple circuit.

components are easily available and low cost.
User friendly product.

1.5 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This battery charger with little modifications can charge any battery ranging from 0 to 15V. Some of the applications are Rechargeable Cells Motorcycle Batteries Car Batteries Mobile phone charger

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Subjecting a discharged cell to a current in the direction which tends to discharge it further to the point the positive and negative terminals switch polarity causes a condition called cell reversal. Generally, pushing current through a discharged cell in this way causes undesirable and irreversible chemical reactions to occur, resulting in permanent damage to the cell. Cell reversal can occur under a number of circumstances, the two most common being:

When a battery or cell is connected to a charging circuit the wrong way around.
When a battery made of several cells connected in series is deeply discharged.

In the latter case, the problem occurs due to the different cells in a battery having slightly different capacities. When one cell reaches discharge level ahead of the rest, the remaining cells will force the current through the discharged cell.

Many battery-operated devices have a low-voltage cutoff that prevents deep discharges from occurring that might cause cell reversal.

Cell reversal can occur to a weakly charged cell even before it is fully discharged. If the battery drain current is high enough, the cell’s internal resistance can create a resistive voltage drop that is greater than the cell’s forward emf. This results in the reversal of the cell’s polarity while the current is flowing. The higher the required discharge rate of a battery, the better matched the cells should be, both in the type of cell and state of charge, in order to reduce the chances of cell reversal.

In some situations, such as when correcting Ni-Cad batteries that have been previously overcharged, it may be desirable to fully discharge a battery. To avoid damage from the cell reversal effect, it is necessary to access each cell separately: each cell is individually discharged by connecting a load clip across the terminals of each cell, thereby avoiding cell reversal.

1.7 METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
Draw a block diagram.

Test for continuity of components and devices,

Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
Studying of various component used in circuit.
Construction of the circuit was carried out.

Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.8 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.