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Design And Construction Of A 12 Volts/1000W Automatic Battery Charger

The design and construction of a 12-volt/1000-watt automatic battery charger involves several key components and considerations. First, the charger must be capable of efficiently converting AC power from a standard outlet to DC power suitable for charging a 12-volt battery. This conversion typically requires a transformer to step down the voltage and a rectifier to convert AC to DC. Additionally, to achieve the desired power output of 1000 watts, the charger needs robust circuitry, including high-power diodes and capacitors, to handle the load. Implementing automatic charging features involves incorporating voltage regulation and current limiting mechanisms to prevent overcharging and ensure safe charging conditions for the battery. This can be achieved through the use of voltage regulators, such as integrated circuits (ICs), and current sensing circuits to adjust the charging parameters accordingly. Furthermore, safety features like reverse polarity protection and thermal management systems should be integrated into the design to safeguard both the charger and the battery. The construction of such a charger requires careful selection of components, proper circuit layout, and adherence to relevant safety standards and regulations. By integrating these elements effectively, a high-powered automatic battery charger capable of efficiently and safely charging 12-volt batteries can be designed and constructed.

ABSTRACT

A battery charger is an electrical device employed for charging batteries. These batteries that are usually charged by battery charger are the storage batteries also known as “accumulator” the battery charger changes. The alternating current forms the power line into d.c suitable for charging.

When the battery is fully changed, is up to it’s maximum, 12 volt, the charger with automatically stop changing with the help of the contact relay, the transistor and the zener diode when bend the current back to the system, and the system have the ability to indicate when the battery is charging or not, when the battery is empty or fully charged.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF BATTERY CHARGER

2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BATTERY CHARGER

2.3 REVIEW OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

2.4 REVIEW OF CHARGER UNITS

2.4.1 SUPPLY UNIT

2.4.2 THE RECTIFYING UNIT

2.4.3 THE SMOOTHING UNIT

2.4.4 THE REGULATOR AND REGULATED

2.4.5 D.C CHARGING UNIT

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATIONOBSERVATIONS

4.6 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE SYSTEM

4.7 COST OF PRODUCTION

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMAMRY
CONCLUSIONS/SUGGESTIONS

5.3 REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

A battery charger is an electrical device employed in charging batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”.

The charger is made up of various electrical and electronics component which for the purpose of clanty are group into your basic unit they are:

The power supply units

The smoothing circuits

The regulating unit and

Regulated D.C charging units

A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular and of charger that depends largely int eh size of battery or battery or batteries which on mterds to charge the mini battery changer could be used to charge batteries whose voltage ranges from 6 – 12 volts. The bigger battery changes are for batteries with voltage ranging from 12 – 48 volts. These are the heavy duty batteries.

The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge with out a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objective of the project is to design a device that will recharge 12v lead acid battery when discharged. The device has the ability to indicate charging process, low battery and fully charge levels through LED indicators and it is rated 1000w.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device charges 12v acid battery mainly, however, if the output voltages are adjusted can be used to charge battery of lower or higher voltages.

Apart from charging batteries, this device can also be used as a battery level monitor due to the battery level feature it contains.

1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Battery charger is used in the following devices for the purpose of recharging device batteries:

It is used in inverter
It is used in cellphone
It is used in Solar energy system
It is used in vehicles
It is used in an uninterruptible power supply(UPS), etc.

1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

The only problem with this device is that it takes longer time to recharge car battery because of the low current output, and it is design only for a 12 battery.

1.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Features of this automatic battery charger made it more advantageous than other types and they are as below:

Automatic battery charger has an indicator to indicate when the battery is fully charged
Built in Indications for showing Full, Empty Levels of any type of battery
It has a manually operated switch that is used to ON and OFF the entire system.
It composes of in-built active components which stop charging process when the battery is fully charged.
It consumed less current but generate high current to the load.