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Design And Construction Of A Gas Detection System

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of a gas detection system involves the integration of various components and technologies to efficiently identify and monitor the presence of hazardous gases in a given environment. This process encompasses the selection and installation of appropriate gas sensors capable of detecting specific gases, such as carbon monoxide, methane, or hydrogen sulfide, depending on the application requirements. Additionally, the system may incorporate sampling mechanisms, data processing units, and alarm systems to alert users of detected gas concentrations exceeding predetermined thresholds. Ensuring proper calibration and maintenance of the system is essential for reliable performance and accurate gas detection. Effective design considerations include factors such as sensor placement, environmental conditions, power supply, and communication interfaces for real-time monitoring and data analysis. By employing advanced sensor technologies and robust construction methods, a gas detection system can enhance safety measures in industrial, commercial, and residential settings, mitigating potential risks associated with gas leaks and exposure to toxic substances, thereby safeguarding human health and minimizing environmental impact.

ABSTRACT

This work is on a gas detection system. Gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak. A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This type of device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. This device identifies potentially hazardous gas leaks by sensor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
AIM/ OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

2.3 DIFFERENT TYPE OF GAS DETECTOR

CHAPTER THREE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3 COMPONENT LIST

3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.6 DEFINITION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

4.2 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.3 ASSEMBLING

4.5 OBSERVATION

4.3 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE SYSTEM

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND REFERENCES
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak or other emissions and can interface with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.

Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.

Gas leak detection is the process of identifying potentially hazardous gas leaks by sensors. These sensors usually employ an audible alarm to alert people when a dangerous gas has been detected. Exposure to toxic gases can also occur in operations such as painting, fumigation, fuel filling, construction, excavation of contaminated soils, landfill operations, entering confined spaces, etc. Common sensors include combustible gas sensors, photoionization detectors, infrared point sensors, ultrasonic sensors, electrochemical gas sensors, and semiconductor sensors. More recently, infrared imaging sensors have come into use. All of these sensors are used for a wide range of applications and can be found in industrial plants, refineries, pharmaceutical manufacturing, fumigation facilities, paper pulp mills, aircraft and ship-building facilities, hazmat operations, waste-water treatment facilities, vehicles, indoor air quality testing and homes. However, in this work an MQ-5 sensor module was used for the design.

1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVE THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to design a security/alarm device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system using MQ-5 sensor. Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion.

At the end of this work students involves:

Will be able to design a portable gas sensor
will learn how to interface MQ5 Gas sensor

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

One of its main purposes is to monitor an area. Gas detectors measure and indicate the concentration of certain gases in an air via different technologies. Typically employed to prevent toxic exposure and fire, gas detectors are often battery operated devices used for safety purposes. This device designed as portable or stationary (fixed) units and work by signifying high levels of gases through a series of audible and visible indicators, such as alarms and lights.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Gas leak detection is the process of identifying potentially hazardous gas leaks by MQ-5 sensor. This sensor usually employs an audible alarm to alert people when a dangerous gas has been detected. Gas Sensor (MQ-5) module is useful for gas leakage detection (in home and industry). It is suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol. Due to its high sensitivity and fast response time, measurements can be taken as soon as possible. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by using the potentiometer. All of this sensor is used for a wide range of applications and can be found in industrial plants, refineries, waste-water treatment facilities, vehicles, and homes.

1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Gas detector can be found useful to detect the presence of gases in areas such as:

industrial plants,
refineries,
vehicles
Homes (kitchen)
Or In places where the use of gas or the presence of gas can be dangerous

1.6 PROJECT MOTIVATION

The storage or distribution of any gas involves the gas being contained in vessels or pipes under pressure. Any leak in these systems will therefore result in significant amounts of gas (probably invisible) escaping into the surrounding air. What happens to the gas then depends on the nature of the gas and the immediate environment, but can pose a threat to life in three ways:

Combustible gas can gather and reach a density at which it can ignite and cause a fireball.
Toxic gas can cause illness, paralysis or death if inhaled.
Any gas in sufficient quantities will displace oxygen and therefore pose a serious risk to life.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

This device requires steady power supply for effect operation. That means that it will become inactive if the mains power supply fails or the battery goes low.
The Sensor requires quarterly calibration and do not have a long life.

1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this work. In this chapter, the background, significance, purpose, objective limitation of this work were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this work. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

REFERENCES

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Lattuati-Derieux, Agnès; Bonnassies-Termes, Sylvette; Lavédrine, Bertrand (2004). “Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by a naturally aged book using solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry”. Journal of Chromatography A. 1026 (1–2): 9–18.
Biasioli, Franco; Yeretzian, Chahan; Märk, Tilmann D.; Dewulf, Jeroen; Van Langenhove, Herman (2011). “Direct-injection mass spectrometry adds the time dimension to (B)VOC analysis”. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 30 (7): 1003–1017.
Ellis, Andrew M.; Mayhew, Christopher A. (2014). Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry – Principles and Applications. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ISBN978-1-405-17668-2.