Design And Construction Of A Mains Interruption Counter With Indicator

Electrical Electronics Engineering

The design and construction of a mains interruption counter with indicator involves creating a device that monitors and records interruptions in the main power supply, commonly used in residential, commercial, or industrial settings. This device typically includes components such as a microcontroller unit (MCU), power supply unit (PSU), display module, and sensing mechanism. The MCU processes signals from the sensing mechanism, which detects power interruptions, and updates the counter accordingly. The PSU ensures continuous operation, while the display module visually indicates the number of interruptions. The construction process entails assembling these components into a functional unit, ensuring proper wiring, and implementing safety measures. This mains interruption counter enhances monitoring of power reliability, aiding in preventive maintenance and troubleshooting efforts, and can be customized for specific applications and environments, contributing to efficient power management and resource utilization.

ABSTRACT

This mains interruption counter circuit counts mains supply interruptions (up to 9) and shows the number on a 7-segment display. It is highly useful for automobile battery chargers. Based on the number of mains interruptions, the user can extend the charging time for lead-acid batteries.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2      AIM OF THE PROJECT
1.3      OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.4      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5      PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.6      APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7      ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1.8      PROBLEM/LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.9      PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

HISTORY OF POWER FAILURE AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY
TYPES OF POWER FAILURE SIGNAL
TYPES OF POWER FAILURE
PROTECTING THE POWER SYSTEM FROM FAILURE
RESTORING POWER AFTER A WIDE-AREA OUTAGE
POWER FAILURE INEVITABILITY AND ELECTRIC SUSTAINABILITY
MITIGATION OF POWER OUTAGE FREQUENCY
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.5 CIRCUIT OPERATION

3.6 IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTION OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS USED IN THIS CIRCUIT

3.7 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3 TESTING

4.4.1 PRE-IMPLEMENTATION TESTING

4.4.2 POST-IMPLEMENTATION TESTING

4.5 RESULT

4.6 COST ANALYSIS

4.7 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCLUSION

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

5.3 REFERENCES

Mains interruption counter circuit

Fig. 1: Circuit of mains interruption counter with indicator

Fig. 1 shows the circuit of the interruption counter with indicator. A 9V (PP3 or 6F22) battery powers the entire circuit. Fig. 2 shows the block diagram of the mains interruption counter circuit along with the battery charger and lead-acid battery as used in automobile battery charger shops.

When 9V is applied to the circuit, IC2 is reset by the power-on-reset signal provided by capacitor C3 and resistor R5 and the 7-segment display (DIS1) shows ‘0.’ The 230V AC mains is fed to mains-voltage detection optocoupler IC MCT2E (IC1) via capacitor C1 and resistors R1 and R2 followed by bridge rectifier BR1, smoothing capacitor C2 and current-limiting resistor R2. Illumination of the LED inside optocoupler IC1 activates its internal phototransistor and clock input pin 1 of IC2 is pulled down to low level.

Fig. 2: Block diagram of the arrangement used in automobile battery charger shops

IC CD4033 (IC2) is a decade counter/7-segment decoder. Its pin 3 is held high so that the display initially shows ‘0.’ Clock pulses are applied to clock input pin 1 and clock-enable pin 2 is held low to enable the counter.

Seven-segment, common-cathode display DIS1 (LTS543) indicates the mains interruption count. Capacitor C2 provides a small turn-on delay for the display.

Circuit operation

When mains fails for the first time, clock input pin 1 of IC2 again goes high and display DIS1 shows ‘1.’ When mains resumes, pin 1 of IC2 goes low and DIS1 continues to show ‘1.’ When mains fails for the second time, clock input pin 1 of IC2 goes high and display DIS1 shows ‘2.’ When mains resumes, pin 1 of IC2 again goes low and DIS1 continues to show ‘2.’ This way, the counter keeps incrementing by ‘1’ on every mains interruption. Note that this circuit can count up to nine mains interruptions only.