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Design And Construction Of A Patient Monitoring System With SMS Alert

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Engineering

The design and construction of a patient monitoring system with SMS alert functionality involves the integration of various sensors, microcontrollers, and communication modules to continuously monitor vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature. Utilizing sensors like ECG sensors, pulse oximeters, and temperature sensors, the system gathers real-time data from the patient. This data is then processed by a microcontroller such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi, which runs algorithms to analyze the readings and detect any anomalies or critical conditions. In case of abnormal readings, the system triggers an SMS alert using GSM or similar communication modules, sending notifications to designated caregivers or healthcare professionals. The system’s architecture should prioritize reliability, accuracy, and real-time response to ensure timely intervention in case of emergencies, enhancing patient safety and healthcare delivery.

ABSTRACT

In present days, real-time monitoring of the physical condition of the patients is one of the major challenges faced by hospital authorities. In this paper, we have given a solution, to face this challenge. Here, we have implemented Patient monitoring system which will be one of the major improvements in the hospitals. All the hospitals today have the monitoring systems which are wired. Also human intervention is needed frequently for critical patients. In this paper we propose a PMS (Patient Monitoring System) which can be operated wirelessly. This wireless patient monitoring system in this paper measures heartbeat, body temperature and percentage of oxygen in blood. This paper discusses about the design and development of a low cost apparatus which uses GSM technology for monitoring the health condition of the patient.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

PROBLEM STATEMENT
AIM OF THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGINIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
SYSTEM CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

2.3.1 Analysis of LM35

2.3.2 Heart Beat Detector Circuit

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF DESIGN COMPONENTS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 SYSTEM DESIGN AND ITS WORKING

3.3 SYSTEM FLOW CHART

3.4 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM TERMINOLOGIES USED

3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
CASING AND PACKAGING
ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
PACKAGING
MOUNTING PROCEDURE
TESTING
RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF PROJECT

Giving care and health assistance to the bed ridden patients at critical stages with advanced medical facilities have become one of the major problems in the modern hectic world. In hospitals where a large number of patients whose physical conditions have to be monitored frequently as a part of diagnostic procedure, the need for a cost effective and fast responding alert mechanism is inevitable. Proper implementation of such systems can provide timely warnings to the medical staffs and doctors and their service can be activated in case of medical emergencies. Present-day systems use sensors that are hardwired to a PC next to the bed. The use of sensors detects the conditions of the patient and the data is collected and transferred using a microcontroller. Doctors and nurses need to visit the patient frequently to examine his/her current condition. In addition to this, use of multiple microcontroller based intelligent system provide high level applicability in hospitals where a large number of patients have to be frequently monitored. For this, here we use the idea of network technology with wireless applicability, providing each patient a unique ID by which the doctor can easily identify the patient and his/her current status of health parameters. Using the proposed system, data can be sent wirelessly to the Central Patient Monitoring System (CPMS), allowing continuous monitoring of the patient. Contributing accuracy in measurements and providing security in proper alert mechanism give this system a higher level of customer satisfaction and low cost implementation in hospitals. Thus the patient can engage in his daily activities in a comfortable atmosphere where distractions of hardwired sensors are not present. Physiological monitoring hardware can be easily implemented using simple interfaces of the sensors with a Microcontroller a n d can effectively b e used f o r healthcare monitoring. This will allow development of such low cost devices based on natural human-computer interfaces.

The system we proposed here is efficient in monitoring the different physical parameters of much number of bedridden patients and then in alerting the concerned medical authorities if these parameters bounce above its predefined critical values. Thus remote monitoring and control refers to a field of industrial automation that is entering a new era with the development of wireless sensing devices.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the past, higher percentage of patient’s death is caused as a result of hospital authorities unaware of their patient’s immediate health condition such as patients with heart disease, fever and patients on oxygen. This is one of the reasons nurses are assigned to monitor their patients’ health condition from time to time. This device was designed to bring solution to this problem. Patient monitoring system in this paper wirelessly measures heartbeat, body temperature and percentage of oxygen in blood. It uses GSM technology for monitoring the health condition of the patient.

1.3 AIM OF THE PROJECT

To develop a cheap prototype of a system that can monitor the body temperature and heartbeat of a patient at home and in the hospital.

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Specific objectives

To use temperature sensor to measure body temperature
To use heartbeat temperature to measure rate of heartbeat

Compute the two signals then display to a LCD and send to mobile phone as a SMS.

To alert through text when there is an abnormal parameter

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This technology enables doctor to monitor the patient’s conditions even sitting in his room. Doctor will get call when patient’s body temperature and heart beat rises so that he can take precautionary. This device measures even though he will be in remote place. Patient care takers can monitor the equipment easily

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In one embodiment the system has a first patient monitoring subsystem including a plurality of sensors and sensor modules; and a processor-transceiver in communication with the plurality of sensors and sensor modules; and a first clinician display subsystem including a microcontroller and GSM modem. The microcontroller and GSM modem of the first clinician display subsystem broadcasts.

1.7 BENEFIT OF THE STUDY

Benefits of this technology, including its ability to relieve health authorities of huge cost pressures.

1.8 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Bitter Expensive.
Accumulation of noise with ECG signal.

Telecommunication network unavailability can affect the signal of the device.

Interference of noise in GSM modem due to high Radio frequency signals.
Accuracy will be less.
The user and control unit will establish communication via GSM.

The cell phone and service provider chosen will support text messaging service.
The user is familiar with the text messaging program on their cell phone.

All service charges from service provider apply.

1.9 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This project can be used in home for patients or ill person or old person to monitor their health parameters.
Same project can be used in hospitals.

1.10 JUSTIFICATION

This project is made of cheap materials. A complete system that measures temperature and heart beat is so far expensive. This system is fully automated system and does not require any human attention.

Automatic alert system using enabled by microcontroller gives intimation to user. GSM interfacing provides a feature of remote monitoring of patient parameters. The system determines the heart beat rate per minute and then sends short message service (SMS) alert to the mobile phone on top of displaying it on a LCD. It is also cost effective and portable. It is easy to handle and efficient. It is not as complex as the current systems.

1.11 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.