Design And Construction Of A Pin Diode Based Fire Sensor
The design and construction of a fire sensor utilizing pin diode technology involves integrating a semiconductor device capable of converting light or heat into electrical signals to detect fire hazards. Pin diodes, characterized by their intrinsic layer sandwiched between p-type and n-type semiconductor layers, offer high sensitivity and low capacitance, making them ideal for detecting infrared radiation emitted by flames. The construction entails assembling the pin diode within a protective housing, incorporating signal conditioning circuitry, and interfacing with a microcontroller for data processing and alarm triggering. The sensor’s sensitivity can be optimized through careful selection of materials and precise calibration of operational parameters. Additionally, incorporating features such as temperature compensation and ambient light rejection enhances the sensor’s reliability and performance in various environmental conditions. Through systematic testing and validation, the pin diode-based fire sensor ensures robust and timely detection of fire incidents, thus enhancing safety and security in residential, commercial, and industrial settings while minimizing false alarms and maximizing response efficiency.
ABSTRACT
This work is on a PIN diode based fire sensor that activates an alarm when it detects fire. Thermistor based fire alarms have a drawback; the alarm turns on only if the fire heats the thermistor in close vicinity. In this circuit, a sensitive PIN diode is used as a fire sensor for longer-range fire detection.
PIN diode based fire sensor detects visible light and infrared (IR) in the range of 430nm – 1100nm. So visible light and IR from the fire can easily activate the sensor to trigger the alarm. It also detects sparks in the mains wiring and, if these persist, it gives a warning alarm.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- RESEARCH QUESTION
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
- REVIEW OF THE FIRE ACCIDENT
- OVERVIEW OF PIN DIODE
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BASIC OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.3 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
3.7 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
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