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Design And Construction Of A Sine Wave And Square Wave Signal Generator

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Engineering

In the realm of electronic instrumentation, the design and construction of a versatile signal generator capable of producing both sine and square waveforms represent a critical endeavor. Such a device serves as a fundamental tool in various fields, including telecommunications, audio engineering, and scientific research. Through meticulous engineering and integration of electronic components, this project aims to develop a compact and efficient signal generator capable of generating precise sine waves for frequency modulation and accurate square waves for digital circuit testing. By optimizing circuitry and leveraging modern integrated circuits, the design ensures high-frequency stability, low distortion, and adjustable output amplitudes. Incorporating user-friendly controls and interfaces, the signal generator facilitates ease of operation and flexibility in waveform selection, making it an indispensable asset for professionals and enthusiasts alike. Through rigorous testing and refinement, this project aims to deliver a robust and reliable signal generator tailored to meet the diverse needs of modern electronics applications, thereby enhancing efficiency and precision in signal generation tasks.

ABSTRACT

This work is on a sine and square wave signal generator. A signal generator is an electronic device that generates electronic signals with set properties of amplitude, frequency, and wave shape. A signal generator may be as simple as an oscillator with calibrated frequency and amplitude which is a free-standing self-contained instrument. This device was built around an ICL8038 which is a function generator chip, capable of generating multiple waveforms. But in this work, sine and square wave form wave generated which is the aim of this work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION/PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
METHODOLOGY
PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF SIGNAL GENERATOR
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SIGNAL GENERATOR
REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SIGNAL GENERATORS
WORKING OF FUNCTION GENERATORS
REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WAVEFORM

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
SYSTEM OPERATION
SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING OF CIRCUIT
DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

44 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This work is on “SINE WAVE AND SQUARE WAVE SIGNAL GENERATOR” which also known as a function generator, is usually a piece of electronic test equipment used to generate two different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. The two waveforms produced by the function generator are the sine and wave shapes. These waveforms can be either repetitive or single-shot.[Bakshi, U. A, 2008] Integrated circuits used to generate waveforms may also be described as function generator ICs.

In addition to producing sine waves, signal generators may typically produce other repetitive waveforms including square waves. Another feature included on many function generators is the ability to add a DC offset.

Signal generators are used in the development, test and repair of electronic equipment. For example, they may be used as a signal source to test amplifiers or to introduce an error signal into a control loop. Signal generators are primarily used for working with analog circuits, related pulse generators are primarily used for working with digital circuits.

A sine wave is a wave whose form resembles a sine curve. Often in power electronics, we need a sine wave generator for some applications; a dc/ac power inverter, for example. Here is a simple attempt to fill a niche that seems to be lacking in the power inverters world — one for which a fairly efficient, inexpensive “inverter heart” offers a pure sine wave output. Utilizing pulse-width modulation and analog components, the output will be a clean sinusoid with very little switching noise. Note that pure sine wave inverters are able to simulate precisely the ac power that is delivered by a conventional wall outlet.

Whilst a Square Wave Waveform is symmetrical in shape and has a positive pulse width equal to its negative pulse width resulting in a 50% duty cycle. Square wave waveforms are used in digital systems to represent a logic level “1”, high amplitude and logic level “0”, low amplitude. If the duty cycle of the waveform is any other value than 50%, (half-ON half-OFF) the resulting waveform would then be called a Rectangular Waveform or if the “ON” time is really small a Pulse. The main aim of this work is to study and construct a signal generator that produces both sine and square wave as the output.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Because of the disadvantage noticed when using other form of waves such as the fact that peak voltages usually varies with the voltage of the battery and can cause electronic devices to behave erratically because of power surges and loses power during conversion process. Because of these disadvantages led to the invention of both sine wave and square wave generator.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to construct a signal generator that produces output as both sine wave signal and square wave signal with minimum distortion. At the end of this work student involve shall achieve the following objectives:

Shall become familiar with sine wave and square wave signal generator.
Shall build this piece of device that produces both sine wave signal and square wave signal as the output.

The output waveform of the device shall be measured and displayed using school’s oscilloscope.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This device produces a variety of different waveforms at a desired frequency. It was built to generate Sine waves and Square waves output waveforms. This device is capable of producing both sine wave and square wave with a minimum number of external components or adjustments. Its operating frequency range can be selected over eight decades of frequency, from 0.001Hz to 300kHz, by the correct choice of the external R-C components.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This study exposes us to the uses of sine wave and square wave in power supply system. With this study I have understood the full comparison between the sine wave and square wave waveform

1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device is used to produce sine and square wave output which can be use to operate devices such as: Inverter, Ups, Solar inverters, Laser printers, photocopiers, magneto-optical hard drive, Certain laptop computers etc.

These generated signals are used as a stimulus for electronic measurements, typically used in designing, testing, troubleshooting, and repairing electronic or electroacoustic devices,

1.7 LIMITATION/PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

This device produces sine and square wave signal as the output signal only. Producing square wave signal is cheaper and easy compare to sine wave signal that is why most people are going for square wave signal.

1.8 METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
Draw a block diagram.

Test for continuity of components and devices,

Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
Studying of various component used in circuit.
Construction of the circuit was carried out.

Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.9 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.