Design And Construction Of A Three Phase Sequence Checker For Three Phase Supply
The design and construction of a three-phase sequence checker for a three-phase supply involves creating a device capable of verifying the correct sequence of phases in an electrical system, crucial for ensuring proper functioning of three-phase equipment. This sequence checker typically comprises a circuit that detects the order of phases and provides a visual or audible indication of any sequence errors. Utilizing microcontrollers or specialized integrated circuits, the device analyzes the phase sequence by comparing the voltage waveforms of the incoming phases. Incorporating solid-state relays or optocouplers, it ensures safe isolation between the input supply and the detection circuitry. Additionally, the design may include features such as adjustable sensitivity levels and protection against voltage fluctuations or transient spikes, enhancing its reliability in various industrial and commercial applications. Through meticulous attention to circuit layout and component selection, the construction process aims to optimize performance, durability, and safety standards, meeting the stringent requirements of electrical systems while promoting efficiency and operational integrity.
ABSTRACT
Phase sequence is the order in which the rotated voltage or current generated by 3-phase system attain peak or maximum value. Each sequence voltage is 120 degree apart. Therefore, the maximum value achieved by each sequence is at the definite time interval. Based on this individual response time a technique of phase detection system is discussed in this paper. When phase sequences are reverses at that time a relay system operates and a three phase supply gets turns off. A micro-controller is used to incorporate the algorithm into it.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.3 EFFECTS OF WRONG PHASE SEQUENCE
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1.7 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL PHASES
2.2 REVIEW OF THREE-PHASE ELECTRIC POWER
2.3 REVIEW OF THREE-PHASE LOADS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.4 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TESTING AND RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4 PACKAGING
4.5 MOUNTING PROCEDURE
4.6 TESTING
4.7 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
4.8 FUTURE SCOPE
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In industry there are lots of machinery presents. In this there are more in quantity a rotionational Machinery presents. Phase sequence meter is used for detecting the sequence of the supply in three-phase electric circuits. Since the direction of rotation of three phase electric motors can be changed by changing the phase sequence of supply. And also the correct operation of measuring instruments like 3 phase energy meter and automatic control of devices also depend on the phase sequence. Different types of phase sequence testers are available in today’s market like contact or non contact, static or rotating, etc., in a wide range of voltage or power ratings. The main aim is To check incoming 3 phase supply sequence by Rotating Project kit LED in Clockwise Directions. If 3 phase supply is present in RYB state the start the further circuits. Otherwise If 3 phase supply is not present in RYB (eg.RBY) state the trip/stop of the supply and show as a Line fault Indication with Rotating Project kit LED in Anticlockwise Directions.
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim is design a device that will check incoming 3 phase supply sequence by Rotating Project kit LED in Clockwise Directions which is carried out by relays. If 3 phase supply is present in RYB state the start the further circuits.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
In three-phase equipment such as motors and measuring instruments, the correct phase sequence determines whether the motor will rotate in the right direction, or if the instrument works as expected. However, the phase sequence may not be obvious and it is important to have a means of verifying that the sequence is correct, otherwise the system may not function properly or as expected. The purpose of the work is to design a device that perform this work. The two commonly used methods are the phase sequence meter or the static indicator. In this work we are considering phase sequence meter (checker).
1.4 EFFECTS OF WRONG PHASE SEQUENCE
- Reverse Rotation of Motors
- Reverse Pumping.
- Change in Efficiency of Motors.
- Dry Running of large power motors.
- Large running maintenance.
- Overheating of Motors and Burning of Motors Winding
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Phase sequence is required for the proper operation of any three phase system. It ensures that the load works as desired, when incorrect, the equipment such as the motor may malfunction, rotate in the reverse direction. The phase reversal may damage the motor or the equipment the motor is driving.
The phase-sequence indicators are used in confirming the wiring in switchboards with a three phase supply.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
A 3-ph supply of 220V AC 50Hz is fed to a logic circuit comprising of NAND gates and OR gates to detect the sequence of R, Y, B by triggering a monostable timer 555.While the sequence is not there the triggering to the timer is missed which is indicated by an LED driven from the output of the 555 timer. If phase sequence reverses Tripping signal generates from NAND Gate and IC555 Timer .The tripping signal fed the i.c, integrated circuit (i.c) or any relay circuit for removing circuit against reverse phase sequence.
1.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
The phase-sequence checker is:
The most straightforward and commonly used tool for determining the phase sequence.
The sequence checker may is digital using semiconductor devices.
The sequence checker is simple and easy to use, but is more costly
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this works is on the introduction to this work. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of phase sequence checker were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a phase sequence checker. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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