Design And Construction Of A Transceiver

Electrical Electronics Engineering

The design and construction of a transceiver encompass a comprehensive process involving intricate electronic engineering principles, meticulous component selection, and precise assembly techniques. A transceiver, serving as a combined transmitter and receiver, plays a crucial role in various communication systems, including radio, wireless networks, and telecommunications. Beginning with conceptualization, engineers analyze requirements such as frequency range, bandwidth, modulation techniques, and power output to formulate a design blueprint. Subsequently, the selection of components, such as oscillators, amplifiers, mixers, filters, and antennas, is meticulously executed to ensure optimal performance and compatibility with the intended application. Advanced signal processing algorithms and protocols may be integrated to enhance signal clarity, reduce interference, and improve data throughput. The construction phase involves circuit layout and fabrication, utilizing specialized manufacturing techniques to ensure signal integrity, minimize noise, and maximize efficiency. Rigorous testing procedures, including spectrum analysis, signal modulation, and sensitivity assessments, validate the transceiver’s functionality and performance across a range of operating conditions. Iterative refinement and optimization may be employed to fine-tune parameters and address any deficiencies, ultimately culminating in a robust and reliable transceiver system capable of facilitating seamless communication in diverse environments.

ABSTRACT

This work is on a transceiver which a device comprises both a transmitter and a receiver that is combined and share common circuitry or a single housing. When no circuitry is common between transmit and receive functions, the device is a transmitter-receiver. Transceivers combine a significant amount of the transmitter and receiver handling circuitry. An RF Transceiver utilizes RF modules for high speed data transmission. The objective in the design of transceivers is to bring digital domain closer to the antenna at the receiving and transmitting ends using software defined radio. Software-programmable digital processors used in circuits allow conversion between digital base band signals and analog RF signals.

The transceiver transmits and receives a chirp signal at a frequency of 5300 MHz and is designed to replace the existing X-band RF stage and interface with the existing system at an intermediate frequency of 1300 MHz.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
ADVANTAGE OF THE PROJECT
PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2 TYPES OF TRANSCEIVER

2.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

2.4 REVIEW OF PARTS OF RADIO TRANSMITTER

2.5 REVIEW OF CELLULAR TELEPHONE (MOBILE TELEPHONE)

2.4 OVERVIEW OF TELEPHONY

2.6 OVERVIEW OF TRANSMITTER

2.7 REVIEW OF RECEIVER

2.8 RECEIVER FUNCTIONS

2.9 RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS

CHAPTER THREE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5 COMPONENTS LIST

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3 ASSEMBLING SECTION

4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.5 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN

4.6 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.7 COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND REFERENCES

CONCLUSIONS

5.2 REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

A transceiver is a combination transmitter/receiver in a single package. The term applies to wireless communications devices such as cellular telephones, cordless telephone sets, handheld two-way radios, and mobile two-way radios. Occasionally the term is used in reference to transmitter/receiver devices in cable or optical fiber systems.

In a radio transceiver, the receiver is silenced while transmitting. An electronic switch allows the transmitter and receiver to be connected to the same antenna, and prevents the transmitter output from damaging the receiver. With a transceiver of this kind, it is impossible to receive signals while transmitting. This mode is called half duplex. Transmission and reception often, but not always, are done on the same frequency.

Some transceivers are designed to allow reception of signals during transmission periods. This mode is known as full duplex, and requires that the transmitter and receiver operate on substantially different frequencies so the transmitted signal does not interfere with reception. Cellular and cordless telephone sets use this mode. Satellite communications networks often employ full-duplex transceivers at the surface-based subscriber points. The transmitted signal (transceiver-to-satellite) is called the uplink, and the received signal (satellite-to-transceiver) is called the downlink.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

A transceiver is a device comprising both a transmitter and a receiver that are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing. When no circuitry is common between transmit and receive functions, the device is a transmitter-receiver. The term originated in the early 1920s. Similar devices include transponders, transverters, and repeaters.

In radio terminology, a transceiver means a unit which contains both a receiver and a transmitter. From the beginning days of radio the receiver and transmitter were separate units and remained so until around 1920. Amateur radio or “ham” radio operators can build their own equipment and it is now easier to design and build a simple unit containing both of the functions: transmitting and receiving. Almost all modern amateur radio equipment is now a transceiver but there is an active market for pure radio receivers, mainly for shortwave listening (SWL) operators. An example of a transceiver would be a walkie-talkie or a CB radio.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is to design a two-way radio that combines both a radio transmitter and a receiver that exchanges information in half-duplex mode.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Transceiver contains a transmitter and a receiver which are both combined and share common circuitry. Transceivers combine a significant amount of the transmitter and receiver handling circuitry. An RF Transceiver utilizes RF modules for high speed data transmission. The objective in the design of transceivers is to bring digital domain closer to the antenna at the receiving and transmitting ends using software defined radio. Software-programmable digital processors used in circuits allow conversion between digital base band signals and analog RF signals. Transceivers are most frequently used to describe the component in LANs that actually applies signals to the network wire and at the same time detects signals passing through the wire. Several LANs have the transceiver built into the network interface card. In radio communications, a transceiver is a two-way radio that combines a radio transmitter and a radio receiver exchanging information in half-duplex mode.

APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Transceiver is used in the following devices:

wireless communications devices such as cellular telephones
walkie-talkie or a CB radio
cordless telephone sets,
handheld two-way radios,
and mobile two-way radios.

1.5 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

The primary advantage of using a transceiver rather than a separate transmitter and receiver is cost. In a transceiver, many of the components can be shared during both transmit and receive operations. Another advantage is that transceivers can be tuned more easily than separate units.

1.7 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

The problem of using a transceiver is that while duplex operation is not possible with most transceivers, communication must sometimes be carried out on two different frequencies. Although this is a problem with most transceivers, some do have provisions for separate transmit and receive operations, al- lowing them to overcome the problem.