Design And Construction Of A Vacuum Pump

Electrical Electronics Engineering

The design and construction of a vacuum pump are essential aspects of creating efficient vacuum systems for various applications. A vacuum pump is a device that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume, creating a low-pressure environment. The process involves several key components, including an inlet valve, a pump mechanism such as a rotary vane or diaphragm, an exhaust valve, and a vacuum gauge for monitoring pressure levels. The choice of materials, such as stainless steel or aluminum, and the pump’s capacity in terms of volume flow rate and ultimate pressure, are crucial considerations in optimizing performance. Additionally, factors like sealing mechanisms, lubrication systems, and safety features play a vital role in ensuring reliable and long-lasting operation. This comprehensive approach to vacuum pump design and construction integrates modern engineering principles with precision manufacturing techniques, resulting in highly functional and durable equipment capable of meeting the stringent demands of diverse industrial and scientific environments.

ABSTRACT

This work gives a constructional overview of the technology of contemporary primary and secondary mechanical vacuum pumps. Vacuum pump is a device that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum. The type of vacuum pump to which the present invention is particularly applicable comprises a housing, a hollow rotor within and eccentric to the housing, an air inlet port to, and an` air outlet port from, the air space between rotor and housing, slidable vanes carried by the ‘rotor and arranged radially to the rotor shaft and which extend into said air housing during the rotation of the rotor, a driving v shaft to which the hollow rotor is secured, and a driving pulley on the shaft

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VACUUM PUMP

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

BASICS OF THE SYSTEM
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
SYSTEM DIAGRAM
SYSTEM OPERATION
DESIGN CALCULATION
CLEANING METHODS
THERMAL OUT GASSING

CHAPTER FOUR

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
VACUUM PUMPS COMMON PROBLEMS AND TROUBLESHOOTING

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Creating a vacuum in a system requires moving all molecules of gas out of the system. Molecules will only move if there is a difference in pressure between two regions. The region that has the smaller number of molecules will be the low pressure region and the area with more molecules will be considered the high pressure. A device that can induce pressure difference between two regions of space is considered a pump. In a certain system, the pump that creates a vacuum is considered a vacuum pump.

There are two types of vacuum pumps, one being a transfer pump and the other being a trapping pump. The transfer pump, which is also called a kinetic pump since the gas is being pushed that the gas is transferred from the inlet of the pump to the outlet. This is often done by a mechanically moving part of the pump that often rotates, accelerating the molecules of the gas and making the region of low pressure. When the level of vacuum is reached the tank is isolated by a high vacuum valve. Any exchange of gas between the container and the pump is stopped by the valve.

A trapping pump, also known as a capture pump, is usually located in the container that is being evacuated. The pump removes the gas molecules by sorption or condensation on the internal surface. If the gas molecules come in contact with the refrigerated surface of the pump, the gas will be condensed and removed as a liquid.

Vacuum pumps are used for a wide range of applications in many different industries. Vacuum pumps remove gas from a sealed volume to leave a partial vacuum. Fluids then rush into the vacuum due to the difference in pressure gradients.

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is to construct a device that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum

1.2 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

This system is simple and low initial cost
Used for less critical service

1.3 DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Sealing Liquid consumption is very high

1.4 SCOPE OF PROJECT

The vacuum pump is suitable for the closed system of vacuum use. Such as vacuum packaging, vacuum forming, vacuum extraction.
The inlet pressure range: 100 Pa, Pa – 100000 is beyond the scope of work vacuum pump oil mist is vent will be produced.
The vacuum pump cannot pumping water or other liquids. Can’t pumping of explosive, inflammable, high oxygen content, corrosive gases.
General supply not explosion-proof motor, such as explosion-proof or other special requirements when the motor must conform to the relevant standards.

1.5 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

Vacuum pumps have numerous industrial and scientific applications. They are used for composite mounding, flight instruments, production of vacuum tubes and electric lamps, CRT’s, semiconductor processing, electron microscopy, photo lithography, uranium enrichment, print presses, glass and stone cutting factories, cabinetry fabrication, and medical applications that require suction.

Medical applications include: radio pharmacy, radiosurgery and radiotherapy; mass spectrometers, instruments that analyses solid, gas, liquid, surface and bio materials.

Vacuum pumps are also used for decorative vacuum coatings on metal, glass and plastics, energy saving and durability of glass, ophthalmic coating, hard coatings for Formula One engine components, dairy equipment such as milking machines, vacuum impregnation of electric motor windings or wood, trash compactors, air conditioning service, sewage systems, vacuum engineering, fusion research and freeze drying.