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Design And Construction Of A Water Level Control System Using Ultrasonic Sensor

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of a water level control system employing an ultrasonic sensor involves several key components and steps. Firstly, the ultrasonic sensor, capable of emitting high-frequency sound waves and detecting their reflections, is strategically positioned above the water surface. Through precise calibration and programming, the sensor accurately measures the distance to the water level, providing real-time data to a microcontroller unit (MCU) such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi. The MCU processes this information, comparing it to predefined threshold values to determine the water level status. Subsequently, based on the sensor readings, the MCU activates appropriate actuators like pumps or valves to regulate water inflow or outflow, ensuring that the water level remains within desired parameters. Additionally, the system can incorporate an interface such as an LCD display or IoT connectivity for remote monitoring and control. By integrating these components effectively, the water level control system optimizes water usage, prevents overflow or depletion, and enhances efficiency in various applications ranging from agricultural irrigation to industrial processes, thereby contributing to sustainability and resource management initiatives.

ABSTRACT

Majority of earth’s surface is covered with water but less than 5% is useful. So water conserving has become a major issue so certain water management steps are to be taken. Measuring and control of water level is an important task from government and residence side more especially when pumping water in overhead tank. Thus, existing management systems has to be updated [1]. In this paper, we investigate the water level control using ultrasonic sensor which detects the amount of water present in the tank and returns the percentage of water present in it. This system has an Arduino, motor pump, LCD display, over-head tank, resource tank, buzzer and an LED. All components are interfaced with the Arduino and works by automation as per uploaded code. Ultrasonic sensor detects the object and measures the distance by following echo principle in this proposed system, water is also considered as object when a sound ray strikes water it results in generation of echo which is detected by the echo part of ultrasonic sensor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

PROBLEM STATEMENT
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

OVERVIEW OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR
REVIEW OF THE RELATED WORKS
PROPOSED SYSTEM
HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR – WORKING
HOW TO USE THE HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS LIST
ULTRASONIC SENSOR MODULE
WORKING OF AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION
ULTRASONIC SENSOR DETECTION
SYSTEM ARDUINO PROGRAMMING
SYSTEM CODE

CHAPTER FOUR

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
CASING AND PACKAGING
ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
RESULTS

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In an attempt to mitigate problems such as poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management, Automatic Water level controller system is designed to monitor liquid level in an overhead tank or any liquid storage system with an automatic pumping system attached to it to refill the tank once the liquid gets to the lower threshold, while switching OFF the pump once the liquid gets to the higher threshold

The Water Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set motor will control the level of water thereby controlling the operation of the pump. It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level in Overhead Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full ,Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank , and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.

In this Arduino based automatic water level controlling project we are going to measure the water level by using ultrasonic sensors. Basic principal of ultrasonic distance measurement is based on ECHO. When sound waves are transmitted in environment then they return back to the origin as ECHO after striking on any obstacle. So we have to only calculate its traveling time of both sounds means outgoing time and returning time to origin after striking on any obstacle. And after some calculation we can get a result that is the distance. This concept is used in our water controller project where the water motor pump is automatically turned on when water level in the tank becomes low.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

This device came to mitigate problems such as poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management, Automatic Water level controlling system using ultrasonic sensor is designed to monitor liquid level in an overhead tank or any liquid storage system with an automatic pumping system attached to it to refill the tank once the liquid gets to the lower threshold, while switching OFF the pump once the liquid gets to the higher threshold

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective this work is constructing a device that will control the flow and pumping of water in the overhead tank.

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this device controls, monitors and maintains the water level in the overhead tank and ensures continuous flow of water round the clock eliminating the stress of operating the pump manually thereby saving time, energy , water etc

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Advantages of automatic water controlling system are as follows:

Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.
Easy to Operate: these systems come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.
Materials of Construction: this water control system is protected against corrosion.
Safety: This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.
Save roofs
Save water
Save electricity

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 used in this work measures distance in range of 2cm-400cm with accuracy of 3mm.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The Water Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump motor will control the operation of the pump depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks.

It can automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or college using less costly components. The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction.

1.8 APPLICATIONS AND USES OF THE PROJECT

The uses of a water level controller include the following applications:

Can be used in water tanks to control water levels
Automatically turn ON/OFF pumps
Can be used in factories, commercial complexes, apartments, home,
Fuel tank level gauging
Oil tank level control
High & low-level alarms
Pool water level control
Life station switches
Leachate level control
Cooling tower water level control
Sewage pump level control
Remote monitoring liquid
Water level control
Pump controller
Stream level monitoring
Sump pump
Tsunami warning and sea level monitoring
Process batch control and monitoring
Irrigation control

1.9 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, aim, purpose, application, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work was discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.