Design And Construction Of An Automatic Emergency Light Circuit
The design and construction of an automatic emergency light circuit involve the development of a sophisticated electronic system capable of seamlessly transitioning between regular and emergency lighting modes. This circuit is meticulously crafted to ensure a seamless switch to emergency illumination in the event of a power outage. Key components include sensors that detect changes in the power supply, triggering an automatic shift to the backup power source. The circuit incorporates energy-efficient LEDs, enhancing durability and longevity. Integrating a reliable battery system is crucial for sustaining emergency lighting during power disruptions. Careful consideration is given to the circuit’s efficiency and reliability, providing a robust solution for uninterrupted illumination when needed most. This design showcases a meticulous integration of technology to create a responsive and dependable automatic emergency light system, catering to the crucial need for continuous lighting in unforeseen power interruptions.
This low cost automatic emergency lighting circuit turns on a lamp during power failures. It is powered by a NiCad battery that is being charged by the main power line when there is no blackout. The circuit design is very simple and can be made by almost anyone. The voltage from the step down transformer is rectified by diode D1 and filtered by C1. The NiCad battery gets charged with about 100 mA via the diode D2 and resistor R1. The battery must have a capacity of at least 2 Ah to tolerate the charging rate.
When the main power supply fails during a blackout, the charging current is interrupted and a current flows from the base of T1 via resistor R2 which triggers the transistor to conduct and the two emergency lamps light up. When the main power returns, the charging current flows again through D2 and the transistor turns the lamps off.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- RESEARCH QUESTION
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BASIC OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.3 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
3.7 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
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How does the automatic emergency light works
The voltage from the step down transformer is rectified by diode D1 and filtered by C1. The NiCad battery gets charged with about 100 mA via the diode D2 and resistor R1. The battery must have a capacity of at least 2 Ah to tolerate the charging rate.
When the main power supply fails during a blackout, the charging current is interrupted and a current flows from the base of T1 via resistor R2 which triggers the transistor to conduct and the two emergency lamps light up. When the main power returns, the charging current flows again through D2 and the transistor turns the lamps off.
The “TEST” button S1 is used to check the function of the circuit. If the secondary coil of the transformer delivers a higher voltage level, replace R1 with a higher value resistor to avoid exceeding the maximum charging current allowed for the NiCad battery being used.
Emergency light parts
- 220V to 4.5V / 2A Transformer
- D1 = 1N4004
- D2 = 1N4001
- R1 = 33Ω/1W
- R2 = 470Ω
- C1 = 470µF/16V
- T1 = 2SB242
- La1, La2 = 2.5V bulbs
- Battery = 2.5V / 2Ah Nicad
Automatic Emergency Lighting Circuit Diagram
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