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Design And Construction Of An Automatic Solar Water Pump Controller Using Ultrasonic Sensor And Atmega328P

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The title “Design and Construction of an Automatic Solar Water Pump Controller Using Ultrasonic Sensor and Atmega328P” encapsulates the essence of a sophisticated system aimed at efficiently managing solar-powered water pumps. This innovative device integrates an ultrasonic sensor and Atmega328P microcontroller to enable automated control of the water pump. The ultrasonic sensor serves as a pivotal component, detecting water levels with precision, while the Atmega328P, a powerful microcontroller, orchestrates the system’s operation. Through this integration, the controller ensures optimal utilization of solar energy for pumping water, offering a comprehensive solution that enhances efficiency and sustainability in water management.

ABSTRACT

This project is titled the design and construction of an automatic solar water level controller system.

The project is designed to give a display of water level in a tank and control a pump motor as required. The reading given is in the scale of 0 to 9. A priority encoder is interfaced to a decoder to get the display of water level on 7 segment display. This is the circuit designed for overhead tank digital water level indicator. It is built around priority encoder, BCD-to-7-segment decoder, 7-segment display and a few discrete components. Due to high input impedance, priority encoder senses water in the container from its nine input terminals. In this Arduino based automatic water level indicator and controller project we are going to measure the water level by using ultrasonic sensors. Basic principal of ultrasonic distance measurement is based on ECHO. When sound waves are transmitted in environment then they return back to the origin as ECHO after striking on any obstacle. So we have to only calculate its traveling time of both sounds means outgoing time and returning time to origin after striking on any obstacle. And after some calculation we can get a result that is the distance. This concept is used in our water controller project where the water dc motor pump is automatically turned on when water level in the tank becomes low.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
- PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF WATER CONTROLLER

2.2 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SENSOR

2.3 THE CONCEPT OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTIONS METHODOLOGY

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION OF THE WATER INDICATOR

3.4 COMPONENTS USED

3.5 THE WORKING PRINCIPLE

3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.6 SPECIFICATION AND OPERATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT

3.7 MICROPROCESSOR UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTION

4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.5 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

4.6 COST ANALYSIS

4.7 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCLUSION

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

5.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This work is on an automatic solar water pump which is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given dc pump -set motor will control the operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks through a renewable energy source (solar energy). It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level in Overhead Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full ,Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank , and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.

The idea can be implicitly used to ascertain and control the level of water in overhead tanks and prevent wastage. In this Arduino based automatic water level indicator and controller project the water level is being measured by using ultrasonic sensors.Working of IC is very simple. Initially consider that tank is empty, when power supply is on all the input of IC1 is high. From truth table of IC1 you can see that is if input is high then it will give you high on output pin also. This will make the input pin of IC2 low and 0 is displayed on seven segment display. Now when water in tank reaches level 1 than it will make the pin 11 of IC1 low and remaining pin remain pin high as a result we will get a output from pin 9 of IC1. Similarly when level in the tank reaches to level 2 it will make pin 12 of IC1 low and 11 is already low but 74147 is a priority encoder that’s why output from pin 7 is received and again this low signals are converted into high output with the help of transistor T3 and we will get numeric 2 display son 7 segment display. This indicates that water has reached to level 2. When sound waves are transmitted in environment then they return back to the origin as ECHO after striking on any obstacle. So its traveling time of both sounds means outgoing time and returning time to origin after striking on any obstacle is being calculated. And after some calculation a result is obtained that is the distance. This concept is used in our water controller project where the water motor pump is automatically turned on when water level in the tank becomes low. As water in tank fills we will get numeric 3, 4 9 to be display. The circuit automatically switches the motor OFF when the tank is full. The water level is displayed on a 7 segment display.

1.1 AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of this work is to construct a solar device used to pump, measure and display the level of water in a container and avoid overflow of water. The function of the solar panel is produce a constant power supply to the controller and the dc water pump.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this project is to notify the user the amount of water that is present in the overhead water tank. This project can be further determine enhanced to control the water level in the tank by turning it ON, when the water level is LOW, and turning it OFF when the water level is HIGH. Thus, the Arduino water level indicator helps in preventing wastage of water in overhead tank. This project is wireless so, it is easy to install and it can work up to 100 meters.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

An Automatic Water Level Controller (AWLC) will automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level (usually kept half or 2/3rd tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full or water level in the lower tank is at below minimum level.

a. This system provides you the flexibility to decide for yourself the water levels for operations of pump set in upper/lower tanks.

b. Built in Indications for showing Full, Empty Levels in Upper Tank and Lower Tank Empty Indication.

c. Manual operation switch for special operations like watering the plants from pump set.

d. The system ensures no overflows or dry running of pump there by saves electricity and water.

e. Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.

f. Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.

g. Easy to Operate: this system come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.

h. Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.

i. Materials of Construction: this water control system is protected the against corrosion.

j. Safety: This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.

k. Save roofs

l. Save water

1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Water level controller is an application which detects the level water then triggers the pump and vice versa. They are useful devices and play an important role in various industries such as automobile, irrigation, and also at homes, or wherever water is pump either underground or overhead.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This solar water pump controller will give you a heads-up the instant over-head tank and underground tank is full or goes below the required level, hopefully giving you time to close windows and bring in possessions. In this work, an Ultrasonic sensor is used in the transmitter circuit, which measures the distance of water level from the upper point of the bottle or Tank. The distance is measured in centimeters and sent to receiver circuit using RF communication. The water level is shown in terms of percentage on a 16×2 LCD module, which is connected to receiver circuit.