Design And Construction Of Gas Leakage Monitoring System

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Engineering

The design and construction of a gas leakage monitoring system involve the integration of various components to ensure efficient detection and alert mechanisms. Utilizing sensors capable of detecting specific gases, such as methane or carbon monoxide, is fundamental. These sensors, often based on technologies like electrochemical, infrared, or semiconductor, are strategically positioned in areas prone to gas leaks, such as kitchens or industrial facilities. Additionally, a microcontroller unit processes the sensor data, triggering alarms or notifications upon detecting gas levels exceeding safe thresholds. Integration with a communication module enables remote monitoring and real-time alerts, enhancing safety measures. Proper calibration and periodic maintenance are essential to ensure accurate detection and reliable operation, safeguarding against potential hazards posed by gas leaks. Through meticulous design and meticulous construction, a robust gas leakage monitoring system can effectively mitigate risks and ensure the safety of both residential and industrial environments while conforming to regulatory standards.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the design and implementation of SMS based Industrial/Homes Gas Leakage Monitoring and Detection Alarm System. Gas leakage is a major concern at homes, offices, industries etc. Many homes and industries had fallen victims of inferno due to unknown Gas leakage at a hidden point. This is dangerous and requires high security to avoid life and property being destroyed. One of the preventive measures to avoid the danger associated with gas leakage is to install a gas leakage detector at vulnerable locations, hence SMS-based is proposed. The system is designed to prevent loss/death to occur through gas leakages and hence promote safety of life and property. The system consists of hardware and software; all were designed, built, programmed, and integrated. The program codes written using Embedded C-language and system test carried out to ensure optimum performance. The time it takes the user to receive an SMS from the system control unit when Gas leakage is detected is also checked and tested for accuracy to ensure prompt delivery of the early warning message of the system.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

PROBLEM STATEMENT
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
REVIEW OF TYPES OF GAS ALARM SYSTEM
GSM OVERVIEW
GSM ARCHITECTURE AND WORKING
RELATED WORK

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN OF SYSTEM BLOCK
SYSTEM DESIGN AND OPERATIONS
SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT MODULE WORKING PRINCIPLE
PROGRAMMING CODES
SYSTEM FLOW CHART

CHAPTER FOUR

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
CASING AND PACKAGING
ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
PACKAGING
MOUNTING PROCEDURE
TEST AND RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In our daily life, the environment and its condition is very important for our health as it will impact the quality of life for all of earth’s inhabitants. Consequently, the issues from environment and the air quality in industrial area are discussed to increase the alertness and responsibility regarding the environment towards public and workers’ health. The dangerous gases such as CH4, and CO will bring harmful effect towards human as they may cause explosions and CO poisoning accident in most industrial areas.

Thus, a gas detector is invented to ease human on detecting the presence of those dangerous gases within an area to prevent disaster happen. Nowadays, the gas detector has been innovated into various ways of detection, for example infrared thermal imaging gas leak detection [1], gas leakage detection with monitoring system [2], and wireless gas sensor network [3]. This paper presents the design and development of a wireless gas leakage monitoring system using GSM (SMS).

Traditionally, the gas pipeline leakage monitoring system is realized by communication cable system, therefore the cost of installation and maintenance are very expensive and difficult as mentioned according to J.Ding [4]. In order to overcome these restrictions, a gas leakage monitoring device is used.

This is a detailed work on embedded system for hazardous gas detection and alerting the user by sending an SMS. In order to provide high accuracy, gas sensor MQ-9 has been used and alarm is activated and message is sent via SMS when leakage is found at home or industry.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter Snelling as a mixture of commercial propane and commercial butane having saturated as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons which is highly flammable chemical. It is an odourless gas to which Ethane oil is added as powerful odourant so that leakage can be easily detected [1]. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in homes/Industries filled in cylindrical vessels of various capacities for heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. Because of the versatile nature of LPG, it is used for many needs such as domestic fuel, industrial fuel, automobile fuel, heating, illumination etc. and the demand for LPG is on an increase day by day. The liquefied petroleum gas is finding wide usage in our homes, industries and in automobiles as fuel because of its desirable properties which include high calorific value, produces less soot, produces very less smoke and does not cause much harm to the environment.

LPG burns to produce clean energy; however there is a serious threat about their leakages. The gases being heavier than air do not disperse easily and may lead to suffocation when inhaled; also the leaked gases when ignited may lead to explosion. LPG has become a widespread energy source because it’s highly combustible, which means that it can produce large amounts of heat when small amount is burnt [2]. Consequently, a natural gas leaks can increase the risk of fire and explosion since it spreads quickly and combusts easily. An electrical spark or fire source can set this off if you have a leak in your house. The number of deaths due to the explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years.

Before the development of electronic household gas detectors in the 1980s and 1990s, gas presence was detected with a chemically infused paper that changed its color when exposed. Since then, many technologies and devices have been developed to detect, monitor, and alert the leakage of a wide array of gases. Today, sensors have a high sensitivity to a wide gases variety; they are very compact in sizes and have significantly reduced their power consumption to adapt better portable solutions [3]. Building a system with a gas sensor is not as easy as it could appear. As an example the internal elements of a sensor such as heater and gas sensitive resistors have to be constantly kept under control to avoid failures leading to a wrong alarm indication. The detector can be used to trigger alarms if a specified concentration of the gas or vapour is exceeded. This can provide an early warning of a problem and help to ensure people’s safety. However, a detector does not prevent leaks occurring or indicate what action should be taken

LPG and Gas sensors are employed in a wide range of applications in the fields of safety, health, and instrumentation. Common examples are domestic or commercial alarms for explosive and toxic gases or in automotive application as gas leakage detectors for LPG powered cars and exhausts detectors inside any fuel powered truck or car. Such sensors, nowadays, are found also in applications involving air quality control systems and pollution monitoring [4].

Some people have low sense of smell, may or may not respond on low concentration of gas leakage. In such a case, gas leakage security systems become an essential and help to protect them from gas leakage accidents. But with this device little volume of gas leakage can be detected.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Gas leakage in home and industrial area causes many health issues and accident. Thus, to prevent such disasters happen, the atmosphere of a workplace should be regularly monitored and controlled, in order to maintain the clean air environment.

However, efforts in industrial air quality control have been impeded by the lack of science-based approaches to identify and assess atmosphere air quality and level of dangerous gas.

Therefore, a monitoring system for gas leakage detection needs to be developed. For the development of this system, the combustible gas sensor (MQ9) was used in order to detect the present of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide gas (CO).

1.3 AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The aim of this study is to build a monitoring device that detects gas leakage. This device is used for monitoring air quality in gas plant in industries.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device detects combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.

Provides benefit to monitor the condition of a room or environment in a safe distance.
It sends gas leakage alert SMS to given number.

In design of this device, quick response is achieved.

Construction is easy.
Easy to maintain and repair.
Comparatively the operation cost is less. Design is efficient and low cost.

Power consumption is low.

1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The following is a list of limitations for the project.

· The receiver must reside in a location where a signal with sufficient strength can be received from a cellular phone network.

· The only person who can communicate with the control module is the person who will be successfully authenticated.

· Operation of the controlling unit is only possible through a cell phone with SMS messaging capabilities.

1.6 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used in the following places such as:

shop,
offices,

industry

Worship centres

1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Gas leak detection is the process of identifying potentially hazardous gas leaks by MQ-9 sensor. This sensor usually employs an audible alarm to alert people when a dangerous gas has been detected. Gas Sensor (MQ-9) module is useful for gas leakage detection (in home and industry). It is suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol. Due to its high sensitivity and fast response time, measurements can be taken as soon as possible. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by using the potentiometer. All of this sensor is used for a wide range of applications and can be found in industrial plants, refineries, waste-water treatment facilities, vehicles, and homes.

1.8 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the background literature review of the work, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results and system test, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.