Design And Construction Of Human Detection Circuits For Electric Iron To Prevent Energy And Fire Outbreak

Since the invention of electricity by Michael faraday, Man has been so used to electricity that he cannot do without it. The absence of electricity causes a lot of sadness in our daily lives. Due to this reason I decided to work on a by rechargeable lamp as my project.

Researchable lamp is a source of light that is generated from a D.C sources of supply. This D.C sources is a battery that can also be charged when its current and voltage is used.

It also serves as immanency sources of light mostly when there is failure from out public power supply (P.H.C.N). The project is to see how one can construct a source of high without really generating is from an A.C source.

This project is a 6v rechargeable battery to generate light which is very useful to man both at home and otherwise. It is a stem that is very portable and very effective mostly t might after which it has been charged.

This lantern operates on rechargeable batteries which can be charged, with the adaptors included, whether at home or while on the move by car. The 12 LED’s provide excellent levels of lighting to 40 lumens and up to 20 hours operating time on full charger making it an ideal camping companion.

TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2     OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.3     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.4     LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.5     APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.6     ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1.7     BENEFITS OF ENERGY BULBS USED IN RECHARGEABLE LANTERN
1.8      CHOOSING AN ENERGY LIGHTBULB
1.9      PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW 
2.1     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
2.2     THEORIES AND MODEL RELEVANT TO THE DESIGN
2.3     SYSTEM COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER THREE
CONSTRUCTION
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS
3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.4 OPERATION PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM
3.4 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.5 COMPONENT LIST
3.6 COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

CHAPTER FOUR 
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.5 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN
CHAPTER FIVE 
5.1 COST ANALYSIS
5.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
5.3 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.4 REFERENCES

CHAPTER

1.1                                          INTRODUCTION

A 6v rechargeable lantern is a portable lighting device or mounted light fixture used to illuminate broad areas. Lanterns may also be used for signaling, as torches, or as general light sources outdoors. Low light level varieties are used for decoration. The term “lantern” is also used more generically to mean a light source, or the enclosure for a light source.

Rechargeable lights are very useful electrical gadgets and are quite popular, too. During a power failure these portable lights are able to instantly illuminate through battery back up and never allow us to stumble in the darkness. Although you will find a variety of them in different shapes and sizes in the market, but building your own emergency light at home can be a totally different experience. It will not only help you to create a quality design but also will acquaint you to the technical aspects of the unit. Besides, you also get an opportunity to customize the circuit as per your own needs.

1.2                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is to design a lighting gadget that can be powered directly from ac mains or lamp holder for the purposing of charging the battery which later used whenever there is power outage during the night. The rechargeable battery used is rated 6v.

1.3                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This system charges when there is power supply, the energy is stored in a rechargeable battery which is to be used when there is power outage. The lasting of the stored energy depends on the capacity of the rechargeable battery.

1.4                            LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

The device is powered directly to ac mains, and can easily get burnt when high voltage is experienced in the mains if it is not properly regulated.

1.5                           APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Rechargeable lantern is used in many places such as:

• In school library, hall and labs
• Churches
• Workshop
• Homes, etc

All for the purpose of illuminating of such environment. They highly choose because of its simplicity and safety, that is, it can be charged, hanged, and continues with your adventures into the night.

1.6                             ADVANTAGES OF RECHARGEABLE LANTERN

1. Lightweight. Compared to a gas lantern, a rechargeable lantern is light as a feather. Gas lanterns are typically made of glass and have metal canisters that add weight that rechargeable lanterns are able to eliminate. The lighter the weight of the lantern the more versatile it can be, whether it be to light up the card table or take it for your bathroom break.
2. User-friendly. With the variety of lanterns like liquid fuel, gas, or even candle, a rechargeable lantern is an alternative that offers ease of use. All you have to do it switch it on and light is available. This saves you from having to remember to bring other items on the trip like gas to fuel the lantern or matches to light the candle. If you happen to have kids joining you on a camping trip, spoiler alert: they will more than likely drop a gas lantern and break the glass. Skip to the good part and allow them to carry a rechargeable lantern without worry.
3. Lanterns with flames always come with a small risk of causing a fire, but rechargeable lanterns don’t require a babysitter. By avoiding a kerosene powered lantern, you can eliminate potential fumes.
4. The right rechargeable camping lantern offers a number of ways to keep it up and running. These can be charged via AC plug

1.7 BENEFITS OF ENERGY LIGHTBULBS IN RECHARGEABLE LANTERN
Long-lasting – energy bulbs last up to 10 times as long as compact fluorescents, and far longer than typical ncandescent.

Durable – since energy bulb do not have a filament, they are not damaged under circumstances when a regular incandescent bulb would be broken. Because they are solid, energy bulbs hold up well to jarring and bumping.

Cool – these bulbs do not cause heat build-up; energy lamp produce 3.4 btu’s/hour, compared to 85 for incandescent bulbs. Common incandescent bulbs get hot and contribute to heat build-up in a room. Energy lamp prevent this heat build-up, thereby helping to reduce air conditioning costs in the home.

Mercury-free – no mercury is used in the manufacturing of energy lamp.

More efficient – Energy light bulbs use only 2-17 watts of electricity (1/3^rd to 1/30^th of Incandescent or CFL). Energy bulbs used in fixtures inside the home save electricity, remain cool and save money on replacement costs since energy bulbs last so long. Small energy flashlight bulbs will extend battery life 10 to 15 times longer than with incandescent bulbs.

Cost-effective – although energy bulbs are initially expensive, the cost is recouped over time and in battery savings. Energy bulb use was first adopted commercially, where maintenance and replacement costs are expensive. But the cost of new energy bulbs has gone down considerably in the last few years. And are continuing to go down. Today, there are many new energy light bulbs for use in the home, and the cost is becoming less of an issue.

Light for remote areas and portable generators – because of the low power requirement for energy, using solar panels becomes more practical and less expensive than running an electric line or using a generator for lighting in remote or off-grid areas. Energy light bulbs are also ideal for use with small portable generators which homeowners use for backup power in emergencies.

1.7                                     CHOOSING AN ENERGY LIGHTBULB

Many different models and styles of energy bulbs are emerging in today’s marketplace. When choosing a bulb, keep in mind the following:

• Estimate desired brightness – read the package to choose desired brightness level. However, the new method for comparing bulbs is lumens. Lumen is the measure of perceived brightness, and the higher the lumens, the brighter the bulb. The FTC has mandated that all light bulb packages display lumens as the primary measure for comparing bulbs.

• Choose between warm and cool light – new energy bulbs are available in ‘cool’ white light, which is ideal for task lighting, and ‘warm’ light commonly used for accent or small area lighting.