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Design And Construction Of Programmable 3-Phase Motor Controller Using Arduino Embedded System

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of a programmable 3-phase motor controller utilizing Arduino embedded system technology represents a pioneering advancement in the field of motor control engineering. Integrating the versatility of Arduino microcontrollers with the precision of 3-phase motor control, this project aims to revolutionize industrial automation and robotics applications. By leveraging the capabilities of Arduino boards, this system offers programmable features for motor speed, direction, and torque, enhancing flexibility and adaptability in various operational scenarios. Through meticulous design and construction processes, including circuitry development, firmware programming, and interfacing with motor drive circuits, this project ensures seamless integration and efficient performance. Emphasizing reliability, efficiency, and user-friendliness, the programmable 3-phase motor controller enables precise control over motor operations, facilitating enhanced productivity and operational efficiency in diverse industrial settings.

ABSTRACT

This project is proposed to control the speed of the three-phase induction motor by using the Arduino controller. The Arduino controller is used to produce the pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. And the motor speed is control by using the driver and three-phase inverter circuits. And also this project has reduced the harmonics and switching losses of the circuit. In this project have two switches are used to increment and decrement the speed of the motor. The speed variation can be viewed in tachometer.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
METHODOLOGY
PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

OVERVIEW OF AC INDUCTION MOTOR DESIGN
THE PURPOSE OF INDUCTION MOTORS
INDUCTION MOTOR CONSTRUCTION
OPERATING PRINCIPLES
OVERVIEW OF ARDUINO MEGA 2560

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
SYSTEM DESCRITION
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
SYSTEM CODE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
CASING AND PACKAGING
ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
OBSERVATIONS
DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE SYSTEM

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

A large number of motors are being used for general purposes in our surroundings from house-hold equipments to machine tools in industrial applications. The electric motor is now a necessary and indispensable source of power in many industries. The function and the applications of these motors are wide-ranging. For the many applications, the speed control of the motor plays a major role, which can be done using a wide range of control strategies.

The purpose of a motor speed controller is to take a signal representing the demanded speed, and to drive a motor at that speed. The controller may or may not actually measure the speed of the motor.

Generally speed control of the motor can be achieved by varying the input parameters of the motor such as current, voltage etc. This can be achieved by various methods such as field control method, armature control method, Ward-Leonard method etc for DC motors and AC motors.

Now a day, by the improvement of the power electronics devices, the flow of power to the motor is controlled by the switching action of the power switches (MOSFET, IGBT, IGCT etc).

This project involved building a Soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using arduino, this project is designed to make start of three phase induction motor smooth and it avoids motor speed to reach its full speed instantly. Soft starter for 3 phase induction motor is used to control the speed control the current and speed of induction motor at the start. Induction motor draws very high current at the start and motor attains its full speed instantly. Both this effect induces mechanical jerks in motor at the start and high current induces electrical stress on windings of inductions motor which may damage the induction motor windings.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Conventional methods for starting and speed control of single-phase induction motor need often quite expensive external electrical equipment. Moreover, they require mechanical switches, which are the most troublesome parts. These switches suffer from mechanical wear, which affects the motor performance. Programmable 3-phase motor controller using arduino was invented to solve this problem in that it provide a Soft starter for 3 phase induction motor.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build a programmable soft starting and controlling device for a three phase ac motor using arduino as the heart of the project. The objective is to provide for continuous smooth variation of the synchronous speed, which in turn calls for variation of the supply frequency of an induction motor. This is achieved using an arduino to supply the motor using programmable control.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device is a soft starter for 3 phase induction motor is used to control the speed control the current and speed of induction motor at the start.

1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Can be used to drive small conveyor belts in 2 directions and with dimmer would be able to handle both directional control and speed control.

It is also possible to use this circuit for any robotic application where directional control is needed with speed control such as RC helicopters’ or aircrafts’ propellers.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This device controls the speed of the three-phase induction motor by using the Arduino controller. The device was built around Arduino Mega2560. Arduino is used to read zero crossing signals from zero crossing detection circuits.

1.7 METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
Draw a block diagram.

Test for continuity of components and devices,

Wiring of the arduino
Design and calculation for the work was carried out.
Studying of various component used in circuit.

Construct the whole circuit.
Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.