Design And Fabrication Gas Burner
Designing and fabricating a gas burner involves intricate engineering to ensure optimal performance and safety. A gas burner is a crucial component in various applications, such as industrial furnaces, commercial kitchens, and residential heating systems. It comprises several key elements, including a burner body, gas supply system, ignition mechanism, and flame control system. The burner body is typically constructed from durable materials such as stainless steel or cast iron and is designed to provide stable support for the combustion process. The gas supply system delivers the fuel (natural gas, propane, or butane) to the burner at the required pressure and flow rate, often incorporating regulators and valves for precise control. The ignition mechanism, which can be manual or automatic, initiates the combustion process by igniting the gas-air mixture. Additionally, a flame control system, which may include flame sensors and feedback mechanisms, regulates the size and intensity of the flame to maintain desired operating conditions. Throughout the design and fabrication process, considerations such as efficiency, emissions, and safety standards must be carefully addressed to ensure the burner’s effectiveness and compliance with regulatory requirements. By integrating innovative design principles with robust materials and meticulous craftsmanship, a well-engineered gas burner can deliver reliable performance and contribute to energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in diverse applications.
ABSTRACT
Burners play an integral role in oil and gas well pads. They generate the heat necessary for separating the oil, gas and water mixture and to keep the gases in their vapor phase during transportation through pipelines. Burners typically use a portion of the gas coming out of the ground as the fuel to produce the flame for heating. The gases extracted from the ground enter the burner skid (commonly referred to as burner fuel train) at a high pressure and hence they need to be pressure controlled for use in burners. This work is on fabrication of a gas burner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- HOW COMBUSTION OCCUR IN BURNER
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF FUEL GAS
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FUEL
- FLAME TEMPERATURES OF COMMON GASES AND FUELS
- EXPLOSIVE LIMITS AND IGNITION TEMPERATURES OF COMMON GASES
- COMBUSTION VALUES OF COMMON GASES
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- MAJOR COMPONENTS OF INDUSTRIAL GAS BURNER
- PICTORIAL DIAGRAM GAS BURNER
- WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER FOUR
- ASSEMBLY AND TESTING
- BURNER CONFIGURATION
- TESTING THE CONFIGURATION
- SELECTION OF BURNER
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A burner is a mechanical device that supplies required amount of fuel and air creates condition for rapid mixing of fuel and air produces a flame which transfers thermal energy to furnace and charge.
In oil burners, oil is atomized into a fine spray by a spray nozzle and air is supplied for combustion in the spray chamber. Alternatively oil may be atomized by high speed air to produce a fine dispersion of droplets into air.
There are liquid fuel and gaseous fuel burners. In liquid fuel burner, oil is heated and atomized either mechanically or by high speed gaseous jet.
This work focuses on a gas burner is a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane. Some burners have an air inlet to mix the fuel gas with air, to enable complete combustion. Acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen.
The gas burner has many applications such as soldering, brazing and welding, the latter using oxygen instead of air for producing a hotter flame, which is required for melting steel. For laboratory uses, a natural-gas fueled Bunsen burner is used. For melting metals with melting points of up to 1100 °C (such as copper, silver, and gold), a propane burner with a natural drag of air can be used.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane.
1.2 HOW COMBUSTION OCCUR IN BURNER
The release of potential energy of fuel by combustion with air requires several
stages, namely.
- Mixing of air and fuel
- Ignition of the mixture
- Chemical reaction
- Disposal of products of combustion from the reaction site so that fresh reactants are available. Except mixing of air and fuel, all other stages are extremely fast such that it is said that if fuel and air are mixed, fuel is burnt. Accordingly mixing is the slowest step in the process of combustion This can be understood by considering that each mole of carbon theoretically requires 1 mole of oxygen for complete combustion. But 1 mole of oxygen is obtained from 4.76 moles of air. That means 3.76 moles of nitrogen are present with 1 Mole of oxygen. Nitrogen is inert and does not take part in combustion therefore mixing of air+ fuel is important.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
A gas burner is a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane. Some burners have an air inlet to mix the fuel gas with air, to enable complete combustion. Acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
The hottest and most efficient of all fuel gases use in gas burner, acetylene (C2H2) provides high levels of productivity thanks to good localized heating with a minimum of thermal waste. It also requires the least amount of oxygen to ensure complete combustion. This flammable, colourless gas is lighter than air so does not accumulate at low levels, where it could cause a potential hazard. It is generally supplied dissolved in acetone or DMF (dimethylformamide) in specially designed cylinders to prevent decomposition.
A low flame moisture content makes this fuel gas a good choice for many critical heating processes. Typical applications include flame heating, flame gouging, welding, flame hardening, flame cleaning, flame straightening, thermal spraying, spot-heating, brazing, texturing, profile-cutting, branding wooden pallets, wood-ageing and carbon coating.
Acetylene is the only fuel gas recommended for underground working conditions because it is lighter than air. It is also the only fuel gas, for instance, which can be used to weld steel.
In cutting, oxy-acetylene gives the fastest preheating and piercing times of any fuel gas combination.
Benefits include:
- Improved cut quality
- Higher cutting speeds
- Faster cut initiation time
- Reduced oxygen use.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- this device can be hazardous when not properly handled
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