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Power Transformer Protection Using Ardiuno-Uno

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Engineering

Power transformer protection is a critical aspect of electrical systems, ensuring the reliable and safe operation of transformers. In this context, the integration of Arduino Uno microcontroller technology presents a promising approach to enhance protection mechanisms. By leveraging Arduino Uno’s flexibility and programmability, engineers can design intelligent protection systems capable of detecting various faults such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and overheating. This innovative solution empowers operators to monitor transformer conditions in real time, trigger timely alarms or shutdowns in case of anomalies, and implement adaptive strategies for fault mitigation. The utilization of Arduino Uno in transformer protection underscores a paradigm shift towards smarter, more responsive, and efficient electrical infrastructure management, aligning with the evolving needs of modern power systems and promoting enhanced reliability and safety standards.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, present a “Arduino based power transformer protection” main attention is to reduced or overcome the fault occurred in the transformer. To prevent the transformer from the fault due to the over- currents, temperature rise in transformers oil and over voltage we used relay and sensor. In this protective methodology is implemented by using of Arduino controller. It is cost powerful device and high speed of operation with greater accuracy. Load current and transformer temperature are continuously monitored or sense by the controller. If supply voltage and load current crosses the threshold value which are previously set values in programed and protection scheme operates and trips the load. For the testing purpose, one special type of transformer used that is i.e. autotransformer. By using this, we can change the supply voltage of the primary of transformer to produce over voltage and under voltage fault. Also, to occur over-current fault we rise the load by using drilling machine. At the end, successfully we have done this project after clarifying the advanced technique and find out all problems before any failure.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
AIM OF THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
METHODOLOGY
PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

REVIEW OF POWER TRANSFORMER FAULTS
POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
TYPES OF PROTECTION IN TRANSFORMER
PROTECTIVE DEVICE COORDINATION

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
SYSTEM HARDWARE DESIGN AND DESCRIPTION
POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
CASING AND PACKAGING
ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
PACKAGING
MOUNTING PROCEDURE
TESTING AND RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION
FUTURE RECOMMANDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

As we know that, transformer is the heart of whole power system (PS).It is very essential to protect them from various faults. Protection against fault in power systems (PS) is very essential and vital for reliable performance. A power system is said to be faulty when an undesirable condition occurs in that power system, where the undesirable condition might be short circuits, over- current, overvoltage etc.

The power transformer is one of the most significant equipment in the electric power system, and transformer protection is an essential part of the general system protection approach. Transformers are used in a wide variety of applications, from small distribution transformers serving one or more users to very large units that are an integral part of the bulk power system. In the design of electrical power transmission and distribution system, there are various factors that need to be considered in the quest to satisfy the needs of electricity consumers. Electrical power systems experience faults at various times due to various reasons. These faults must be foreseen and safety precautions applied to the power system.

The power systems engineer must include in his design, safety measures in order to avert any destructive occurrences that the system may undergo at any given time. Power system protection is very essential and necessary for a dependable electrical power supply. For the protection of transformer, generally we used relay to sense the fault in transformer.

For decades, fuse circuit breakers and electromechanical relays were used for the protection of power system. The traditional protective fuses and electromechanical relays present several draw backs. In advanced method use in this project for the protection purpose in power system is Arduino instead of 8051 micro controller its better and high accuracy. It’s cheaper and programming also simple as compared to micro controller.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Transformer is a static device which converts the voltage from one level to other level without change in frequency and power. Load is connected at secondary winding of the transformer it increases to the rated value. Due to short circuit or suddenly increase in load can cause overloading, over-voltages and overheating that can harmful to the transformer windings insulation and severe damage can be occur on the secondary side of transformer.

Transformer can cause failure due to the different faults occur. Various faults like over currents, over voltage faults, under voltage and also rise in temperature of transformer oil. So, for minimize this above faults a high reliable and speed of operation of relay with more accuracy is needed. In this paper a protection methodology is purposed that introduced the above stated problems. Transformer protection is a important factor in the design of an electrical power system.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of carrying out this work is to ensure maximum protection power transformer.

1.4 AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build an electronics device that can be used to protect power transformer from faults.

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objective of power system protection is to isolate a faulty section of electrical power system from rest of the live system so that the rest portion can function satisfactorily without any severer damage due to fault current.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device is very essential to protect transformer from various faults. Protection against fault in power systems (PS) is very essential and vital for reliable performance.

1.9 METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
Draw a block diagram.

Test for continuity of components and devices,

Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
Studying of various component used in circuit.
Construction of the circuit was carried out.

Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.7 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.