Single Line To Ground Fault Analysis In 11kV Distribution Feeder

(A Case Study Of Ado Ekiti Electrical Power Distribution District)

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Engineering

Analyzing single-line-to-ground faults in 11kV distribution feeders is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of electrical systems. These faults, which involve a single phase of the distribution line coming into contact with the ground, can result from various factors such as insulation degradation, equipment failure, or external environmental conditions. Detecting and promptly addressing such faults is essential to minimize downtime, prevent damage to equipment, and maintain continuity in power supply to consumers. Implementing advanced fault detection technologies, conducting regular inspections, and employing effective fault management strategies are key aspects of optimizing the performance and reliability of 11kV distribution feeders.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research work is to carry out fault analysis of 11KV distribution power system. Electric power is an essential facilitator for sustainable development of the modern nation state. While Nigeria is reported to suffer from severe shortages of electric power the condition of some of its newer constitutional units are unknown. In this work, electric power infrastructure and energy availability is studied for Ado-Ekiti, the principal economic and political hub of Ekiti State. During the study, the condition of all relevant equipment for power distribution at the 11 kV level was assessed. Power availability was also considered by collecting necessary data that had to do with energy supplied, faults and other outages. It was discovered that the distribution lines were in a rather poor state with as many as 25% of the poles not meeting a condition of “goodness”, 33% of cross-arms being broken or unsatisfactory, about 10% of the insulators defective and almost 40% of the span not complying with standards. Hence this work presents a research on fault analysis of Ado Ekiti distribution power system.

Keywords: Distribution System, Over-current, Feeder, Earth Fault, Differential Fault, Ring Main

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 ELEMENTS OF ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION

2.2 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

2.3 COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

2.4 DISTRIBUTION FAULTS

2.5 MOST LIKELY CAUSES OF FAULT ON H.T AND L.T OVERHEAD LINES

2.7 TYPES OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

2.8 DIFFERENT TYPES OF POWER FAULTS

2.9 CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL FAULTS

2.10 EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL FAULTS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHOD

3.1 THE ADO- EKITI DISTRICT OF THE PHCN

3.2 STUDY PROCESS FOR ASSESSMENT

3.3 FAILURE RATE ANALYSIS

3.4 LOAD CURVE STUDIES

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE FEEDER NETWORK IN THE ADO DISTRICT

4.1 ESTIMATION OF LOAD CURVES FOR THE ADO DISTRICT

4.2 ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE EPDS IN THE ADO DISTRICT

4.3 DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATION

5.3 REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The predominant factor distinguishing modern man from his ancestors is the ability to efficiently manage energy. In recent times electric power has become the most ubiquitous form of energy used for production, recreation, control and for carrying out most activities because of the ease with which it can be produced, transported and converted to various applications.

Distribution system is the largest portion of the electrical power system (Goran et al., 2008). It can be defined as the part of a power system that distributes power to various customers in ready-to-use form at their place of consumption (Ramesh et al., 2009). Distribution system is the medium through which electric power is conveyed in bulk from the power distribution station to the various end users (Adejumobi et al., 2012). It holds a very significant position in the power system since it is the main point of the link between bulk power and consumers (Gupta et al., 2013).

Ado Ekiti is an agrarian town in the southwestern part of Nigeria. The town lacks many infrastructures which is common in most of the developing countries. One of these infrastructures is the poor state of electric power distribution. Electric Power distribution system in Ado Ekiti is something of a major concern. There are more outages than uninterrupted power supply in most parts of the state all the year round.

It is a known fact that electricity plays a dominant role in the socioeconomic development of any community. In view of the foregoing, this project seeks to identify the problems militating against regular, good quality electric power supply in the Ado Business district of Ekiti-State with a view to proffering solutions and suggestions where necessary. This is to improve the socioeconomic life of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN)’s customers in the state. Given this unsatisfactory state of affairs and the lack of comprehensive studies to formally guide the development of electric power in the state, there is a dire need for an assessment of the Ekiti-state electric power distribution with a view to quantifying the availability of electric power and examining some of the physical factors that may contribute to the poor state of electric power infrastructure so that remedial suggestions may be proffered for improved system performance. It is in the light of this situation that this research has been conceived so as to provide useful information of the present condition from which rational and well-thought out improvements can be planned and implemented. Having analyzed the performance evaluation of Ado Ekiti power system, this paper provides all the expedient solutions to enhance reliability and availability of power supply in Ado Ekiti Power Distribution District.

1.2 Research Problem

The main research objective addressed in this project is to carry out an assessment of the electric power distribution system in the Ado district of Ekiti-State with a view to identifying and quantifying important parameters that can provide concise description of the state of electric power.

1.3 Objectives of the Research

The objectives of this research study are:

To collate relevant information about the physical conditions of the electric power distribution system in the Ado district of Ekiti-State.
To create a database of faults experienced between 2001 and 2009 on the distribution network in the district and to carry out an analysis of the

To study the quality of power and assesses the performance of the network between 2009 and 2010 by calculating useful indices of

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study covers assessing the condition of all relevant equipment for power distribution at the 11 kV level. Power availability was also considered by collecting necessary data that had to do with energy supplied, faults and other outages.