Design And Construction Of Automatic Fluid Pumping System Using IC555

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
  • BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
  • PROBLEM STATEMENT
  • AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
  • SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
  • RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
  • LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
  • PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      REVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2      REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

2.3      REVIEW OF 555 TIMERS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1      SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4      SYSTEM COMPONENTS LIST

3.5      POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.6      DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      RESULT DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      CONCLUSION

5.2      RECOMMENDATION

5.3      REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to C.M. Schumacher (2014), fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress, or external force. Fluids are a phase of matter and include liquids, gases and plasmas. fluid is an indispensable and inevitable substance to all living things due to its usability and high priority among other substance and materials. Provision of large volume of fluid is essential due to its significant purpose. In the earlier days, the use of buckets and calabash is employed in fetching fluid (such as water and oil) for homes, agricultural and domestic’s uses. Later, hand pumps were developed to reduce the stress and the inconveniences. Besides, only a small quantity of fluid can be made available due to physical factors such as tiredness, distance and climatic factors like dry season.
Hence, to eliminate these difficulties, pumping machines is employed to perform the job of fetching water and storing it in storage tanks for future purpose. The system consists of connecting pipes, fluid pump, which is connected to electric power supply and operated manually. In order to fully eliminate the stated problems and future needs for large volume of fluid, the concept of automatic fluid pumping machine is developed.
This project emphasizes on the construction of automatic fluid pumping machine which in turns provide a simple logical, versatile and economical/circuit which turns on the pump when fluid in the tank fall below the minimum level and also off process is achieved by the incorporating of the following to the pumping system:
The sensor: This measures the physical states such as the level of the water.
The responder: which responses to what is being sensed, it comprises of electrical and mechanical devices.

The actuator: This actuates the responder to sense the water level in the tank to perform the switching operation.

In summary, the automatic control system is very effective, efficient and consequently reduces labour cost, flooding, man power and provides enough water for usage.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

It has been discovered that Most of time fluid users run out of fluid because of the inability to see when it gets to the lower threshold and also sometimes they will ON the fluid pumping machine but forget to OFF it when the water tank becomes full and this causes waste. Automatic fluid pumping system provides significant solution to this issue. Methodology of this system is all depend on the electric conductivity of fluid and logical signals given to a comparator (555 timer). This system terminates the fluid pump from over flow and also automatically switches it ON fluid the water in the tank gets below certain level.

1.2                                                   AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this device is to build a device that automatically pumps a fluid from the source to another place. It automatically ON the pump when the fluid reaches it minimum level and switches OFF the pump whenever the fluid gets to its maximum level. The objectives of this project are:

1. To reduce the labour involved in operating pumping machine manually.
2. To prevent or protect the coil of pumping machine from being burnt as a result of continuous work beyond its operating time.
3. To pump fluid automatically from fluid sources.
4. To prevent wastage of natural resources (fluid in particularly) and flooding of premises.

1.3                                                   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The project is design to provide a means of storing fluid for the benefit of mankind and industrial purpose. The control section is used for the control of fluid level to various sizes of tank or reservoir. The minimum and maximum level of fluid in the tank is determined by the probe.

1.4                                                SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The significance of the study is to design a means of making fluid available in the storage tank for future uses such as domestic, industrial, agricultural and economic purposes. It is also reduce labour, wastage of fluid resulting from filling of the tank, which can eventually leads to flooding. Consequently it enables long life span of the fluid pumping machine.

1.5                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.6                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.

Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype.

Financial Constraint:        Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection.

Time Constraint:   The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

Lastly, this device cannot be used when there is no power supply from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) unless an alternative means of power supply is designed to power the project.

1.7                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.