Design And Construction Of Wind Turbine Used For Driving The Propeller Shaft Of Marine Vessel

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
At the present day, numerous initiatives are underway to reduce ship engine carbon emissions. In this regard, there is ongoing interest in making greater use of wind power for ship propulsion involving the combination of kite-based airborne sails to capture energy from parallel down winds and cross winds blowing at 90-degrees or more when measured from the bow. Some modern vessels such as the Maersk Pelican tanker ship carries a pair of 30-meter tall vertical-axis Magnus Rotors installed above its deck, and in service, this reduces ship emissions by up to 10 percent.
A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind’s kinetic energy into electrical power. The term appears to have been adopted from hydroelectric technology (rotary propeller). The technical description of a wind turbine is aerofoil-powered generator. Wind turbines are like airplanes running on the spot—spinning round but going nowhere. They’re serving a very useful purpose, however. There’s energy locked in wind and these giant propellers can capture some of it and turn it instantly into electricity.
A turbine is a machine that spins around in a moving fluid (liquid or gas) and catches some of the energy passing by. All sorts of machines use turbines, from jet engines to hydroelectric power plants and from diesel railroad locomotives to windmills. Even a child’s toy windmill is a simple form of turbine.
The huge rotor blades (propellers) on the front of a wind turbine are the “turbine” part. As wind passes by, the kinetic energy (energy of movement) it contains makes the blades spin around (usually quite slowly). The blades have a special curved shape so they capture as much energy from the wind as possible. The main aim of this work is to use a three-bladed horizontal-axis windmill mounted to the top of a mast and uses mechanical linkage to drive the propeller.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The use of fossil fuel in the ship causes much expense on investment and also causes air pollution due to the emission carbon monoxide. This project is to provide a back-up, renewable and reliable power supply from a wind turbine to power propeller shaft in a ship.

1.3 AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
This project aims to include and further develop the methodologies previously employed in wind turbine design to produce an electrical energy that will use to power propeller shaft in a ship. The objective of increasing wind propulsion for large freight ships is to reduce carbon emissions

1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This work involves building a wind turbine that can be used in a ship. The proven ability of wind mill driven propellers propelling a vessel directly into the wind at higher speed than sail powered vessels of equivalent size and weight, enhances prospects of installing such technology above the bow area of both large and smaller vessels. Smaller passenger vessels used in tourist service may use multiple turbines on single power shafts.

1.5 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this work is to understand how new technology of wind turbine replaces the fuel energy use in ship transport.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Because a windmill can rotate 360° into the wind, no matter what direction the ship is facing, a windmill ship can sail in any direction. In fact, because the power produced depends almost entirely on the apparent wind, they can produce the most power sailing directly upwind. For these purposes using wind turbine on a ship not only saves fuel it also increase the efficiency of the ship.

1.7 BENEFIT OF WIND POWER
• It’s a clean fuel source. Wind turbine does not pollute the air like power plants that rely on combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas. Wind turbines do not produce atmospheric emissions that cause acid rain or greenhouse gases.
• It’s sustainable. Wind is actually a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the rotation of the Earth, and the Earth’s surface irregularities. For as long as the sun shines and the wind blows, the energy produced can be harnessed to send power across the grid.
• Wind power is cost-effective. It is one of the lowest-priced renewable energy technologies available today, costing between four and six cents per kilowatt-hour, depending upon the wind resource and the particular project’s financing.
• Wind turbines can be built on existing farms or ranches. This greatly benefits the economy in rural areas, where most of the best wind sites are found. Farmers and ranchers can continue to work the land because the wind turbines use only a fraction of the land. Wind power plant owners make rent payments to the farmer or rancher for the use of the land, providing landowners with additional income.

1.8 LIMITATION OF WIND POWER
• Turbines might cause noise and aesthetic pollution. Although wind power plants have relatively little impact on the environment compared to conventional power plants, concern exists over the noise produced by the turbine blades and visual impacts to the landscape.
• Energy produced by wind turbine requires expensive storage during peak production time.
• Wind energy can be harnessed only in those areas where wind is strong enough and weather is windy for most parts of the year.
Usually places, where wind power set-up is situated, are away from the places where demand of electricity is there. Transmission from such places increases cost of electricity.
• The average efficiency of wind turbine is very less as compared to fossil fuel power plants. We might require many wind turbines to produce similar impact.
• Maintenance cost of wind turbines is high as they have mechanical parts which undergo wear and tear over the time.

1.9 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
i. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
ii. Draw a flow chart.
iii. Test for continuity of components and devices,
iv. Design of the device was carried out.
v. Studying of various component used in circuit.
vi. Construction of the circuit was carried out. The construction of this project includes the placing of components on Vero boards, soldering and connection of components,
vii. Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.10 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.