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ABSTRACT
This project work is on the construction of automatic night lightening system. Which aimed at activating a switch or AC lamp at sunset and deactivate it at sunrise. This automatic night lightening system can trigger a relay to operate an AC lamp at Sunset. The lamp remains on till morning and then turns off. This eliminates the need of switching the lamp or Backyard lamp daily and also helps to light the premises of the house when the occupants are out of station.
The alarm is basic thing required for maintaining our day with the proper time schedule. The alarm blows once the lamp turns off when the day breaks.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF LIGHT SENSOR
2.2 LDR STRUCTURE AND WORKING
2.3 REVIEW OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 COMPONENTS LIST
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 CONSTRUCTION OF THE CASING
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.5 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN
4.6 COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The controlling of home lamps (or security lights) is usually maintained by home occupants on several occasions. This is not only precarious but also sometimes results in wastage of power because of the negligence or unusual circumstances on part of the technician in operating the lights on and off. Not only in case of street lights, even for controlling the home appliances like garden or outdoor lights, we can utilize the automatic night lightening system for automatic switching of the lights based on daylight’s intensity by using a light sensor.
Automatic night lightening system is a electrical project circuit by which we can switch on and off the electrical load appliances like lights, fans, coolers, air conditioners, street lights, etc., automatically based on the day-light intensity instead of manually operating the switches.
By using this method, manpower can be reduced to a great extent. In case of the street lights/lamp erected on highways it is not an easy task to manually control them, but, if uncontrolled, the chances of power wastage would increase. To get rid of this situation, the implementation of automatic light switch by using a dark/light sensor that switches lights automatically on and off is the best option.
1.1 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to learn the designing and to understand the explanation of the automatic night lamp circuit with morning alarm. This can also be used for automatic alarm in the day time.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design a device that will trigger lamps when darkness falls on the sensor (LDR). At the end of this work the student involved will be able to:
- understand how light dependent resistor works
- connect light dependent resistor unto a circuit
- know operation of an op-amp and the functions of the pins
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
An automatic night lightening system is an electronic circuit consisting of LDR, transistor and Relay as connected in the main circuit, as shown below.
The circuit shown below requires a DC voltage, which can be supplied from a battery or by using a bridge rectifier instead of the battery. The bridge rectifier uses a step-down transformer to step-down the 230v into 12v.
This circuit is to switch ON the light when the LDR is illuminated. The light dependent resistor will have high resistance in darkness and low resistance in the light. The comparator used here has LDR connected to its inverting terminal and potentiometer connected to its non-inverting pin.
When the darkness falls on the Light Dependent Resistor, the comparator compares the voltages at the reference pin that is with the non-inverting pin and the inverting pin of the op-amp. If the voltage at the non-inverting pin is greater than the voltage at the inverting pin the transistor cannot be switched. If the voltage at non-inverting pin is less than the voltage at the inverting pin, the output of the comparator can switch the transistor.
Thus the relay switches and light/ or alarm are switched on when LDR is illuminated as transistor switches.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device is very useful in that it distinguishes daylight and dark hours. This device eliminates the need of switching the Porch lamp or Backyard lamp daily and also helps to switch ON or OFF the premises of the house when the occupants are out of station.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
One of the problems of this device is that any opaque material can trigger the device, such as human shadow, movement of animals or ants across the sensor can trigger the system
1.6 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- Useful for automatic outdoor lighting or garden lighting at home.
- Useful for automatic switching of street lights.
- Useful for switching the hoardings on and off automatically.
- Useful for self-switching operation of displaying title hoardings of companies.
- Useful as a light detector circuit when the pin of the ic is reconfigured.
- Useful as a dark activated switch.
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to automatic night lightening system. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of dark activated alarm were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of automatic night lightening system. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter introduces the Design And Construction Of An Automatic Night Lamp With Morning and its relevance, states the research problems, research questions, and objectives, provides a background of the study, and should also include the research hypothesis…
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This section presents a review of related literature that supports the current research on the Design And Construction Of An Automatic Night Lamp With Morning, systematically identifying documents with relevant analyzed information to help the researcher understand existing knowledge, identify gaps, and outline research strategies, procedures, instruments, and their outcomes…
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