Design And Construction Of An Automated Elevator For Smart Application.

ABSTRACT

This work is on design and construction of an automated elevator for smart application. The main requirement of the multi storage buildings are elevators. Elevators ease the work human being and keep them in the comfortable zone. This device was built around arduino module. This control is based on the input that is received from the operator as well as from the sensors. Elevator control system is needed to control all the functions of the elevator. It is the one which guides the elevator car, Elevator car is one which actually carries the passengers between the different floors; it also controls the opening and closing of doors at different floor, and the safety switches are also controlled by the elevator control system and passengers weight are been monitored in this work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
• WORKING OF AN ELEVATOR

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM OVERVIEW
• SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION

CHAPTER FOUR

• RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

 CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                          INTRODUCTION

1.1                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In simple terms, an elevator can be defined as a kind of transportation that moves in the vertical direction whilst carrying people and baggage between the floors (or levels) of a building or any other type of structure. Elevators, or lifts, exist in several different forms but their method of operation is common; to lift materials in a tall tower or construction site in a continuous flow. Electric motors are used in general to power elevators by driving hoist like systems. Whether they are used in agricultural fields or in the manufacturing industries, elevators serve the basic purpose of reducing manual effort to carry heavy loads from one place to another in any infrastructure. Elevators are a Godsend discovery for handicapped and disabled people who can’t be expected to use stairs (or escalators in case of wheelchairs) to ascend or descend in a multi-storied building. Moreover, in most high-rise buildings it is often a legal requirement to have elevators as wheelchair ramps wouldn’t be practical there.

Automated elevator systems aim to provide the utmost quality service in order to achieve peoples transportation needs. The main target of the automated elevators control system is to bring the lift car to the right floor when needed, to ensure a speed that is within the limits of safety and minimalizes the time travel and also provides comfort to the passengers. The control system of lifts is programmed in such a way that it keeps track of details that include; accelerating and decelerating speed, door opening and closing speed, hall lantern signals and traveling time et cetera. However, maintenance of elevators is another story. If ignored, performance begins to decrease rapidly affecting the response time and safety factor in the process. An increased response time leads to a longer waiting time which just produces frustration among the passengers. Even with the most comprehensive course of maintenance, all elevator systems have to be upgraded or replaced eventually. Postponing replacement just leads to disastrous situations which should be avoided at all costs. Another common problem that causes damage to the elevators is overloading. People tend to overload lifts so that they don’t have to wait for another five minutes which often causes the elevators to breakdown or to get stuck.

The  recent  surge  in  transportation  from  rural  to urban  sites  has  resulted  in  a  massive  growth  in population. This situation has created the congestion issue in  residence  and  there  is  an  essential  need  for vertical high buildings. The main necessity of today’s world is  to  save  the  time  required  to  travel.  The elevator  system  is  the  one  that  was  introduced  for high-rise  buildings  to  save  time  and  to  give  some relaxation to people. Most of the people are focused on the relaxed, smooth, and safe operation of the elevator. Elevators need  a  control  system  for  controlling  all the components which are connected to the panel [1]. Currently,  monitoring  and  scheduling  of  elevators  in high/  low  stories,  commercial,  residential  sectors  are not  satisfied  with  existing  elevators  operations.  The need for elevators with developed technology enforces the system operators to apply an optimal monitoring scheme [2].

This work presents the development of an automatic lift control with the status alert capability. It guides the elevator cabin from where the call is initiated and then carries the passengers to different floors. It also monitors and controls all the sensors, i.e., opening and closing of doors and many other safety switches. The system is based on relay and contactors logic [3]. The system has the following features:

• Status alert capability
• Easy maintenance
• Low cost
• Safety and reliability
• Updated status on the internet after every second

The main aim of the proposed study is to built this type of elevator that does the opening and closing of doors, overload alerting system and many other safety switches.

1.2                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT

This system was invented to overcome problems noticed on the old elevator such as manual operation and overload. This work introduces a new solution of elevator controlling system which is based on micro-controllers. By the use of such design complexity of the system has been simplified. This system helps to indicate limit of an elevator, the weight and number of people inside an elevator at a particular time can be calculated. The system displays the number of people inside an elevator with the help of LCD. This system contains sensors that senses when a person enters an elevator and it opens the door of the elevator and simultaneously increments the counter for the number of people entering the elevator.

1.3                                    AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this Automated Elevator with Overload Alert is to prevent the elevator from any damage. This system makes use of sensors for sensing when a person enters the elevator and automatically increments the counter. This buzzer starts ringing as soon as the number of people in the elevator exceeds the limit.

1.4                                                   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

At this time the system also counts the number of people present and increments a counter on each arrival and decrements when a person exits from the elevator. The system even includes a buzzer for demonstrating an alarm. The buzzer starts ringing as soon as more number of people enters the elevator than the limit of the elevator which is already set and the buzzer stops ringing only when the people inside the elevator come outside the elevator. This will cause the counter to be decremented and the buzzer stops ringing as soon as the counter is less or equal to the limit of the elevator set.

1.5                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this work is to design an effective elevator control system, which can be reprogrammed in a fashion to minimize the congestion on a particular lane by directing the lift on a particular floor using time management scheme. Present scope of the project is to provide an automatic congestion control and hence found its importance in various fields of applications.

1.6                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

To avoid the inconvenience caused by elevator breakdowns, this project is gaining widespread attention. The system can be made far better and protected against factors such as vandalism and overload if an operator were to be present in the elevator at all times.

1.7                     ADVANTAGES  OF THE PROJECT

Arduino and various sensors are uses to perform various functions, which are advantageous for providing comfort to human being.

Advantages:

• Automatic door opening and closing helps to increase comfort
• Load cell which also functioning as occupancy sensor can result in reduction in energy
• Overload buzzer can warn people that elevator is overloaded so can prevent motor from
• To reduce the risk of fire and explosion this system uses temperature sensor in
• Emergency alarm can reduce accidents and risk to human

1.8                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.9                                     PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.