Development Of A Motorized Trolley With Hydraulic Support Arm System

ABSTRACT

This paper is focused on design analysis of a hydraulic arm for use on a starch mill machine. The designed arm serve as a base to the machine where other parts of the machine are mounted and it support the system when on operation to relieve the driving system, which is the tyre. Great operability of this mechanism predetermines its wide application, e.g. in construction. Firstly, analytical calculations of the forces, moments and reactions are introduced. Further, locations and values of the maximum stress in the structure of the designed hydraulic arm are calculated using the FEM software. After carrying out all the analyses and calculations we will be able to determine the safe use of the designed handling machine and put it into operation.

Table of content

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction
  • Background of the project
  • Aim and objectives
  • Scope of the study
  • Application of the study
  • Benefit of hydraulic support arm

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      Overview of hydraulic fluids of start mill model

2.2      properties of fluid

2.3      Advantages of hydraulic system

2.4      Disadvantages of hydraulic system

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      Materials and method

3.1      Materials

3.2      Method

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1      Description of hydraulic system

4.2      Hydraulic support arm components

4.3      Hydraulic systems workings

4.4      Analysis of forces, moments and reaction on a hydraulic arm using the principle of superposition

4.5      Choice of material, profile and dimensions of a hydraulic arm

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      Conclusion

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                          INTRODUCTION

1.1                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Maize starch, also called corn starch, is a kind of white light yellow powder. It is the raw material for a wide range of products, for example, starch sugar, amino acid, modified starch, beer, and medical industry, food processing industry as well as papermaking industry. Anyway, maize starch has been closely related to our daily life, which provides great business opportunity to set up maize starch processing plant. Food produced from corn is called Ogi, Akamu (pap) which can be made from maize (pigeon pea), they are processed locally by soaking it in water for three days for the fermentation process to take place, thereafter conveying it for grinding, it is soaked in water to separate the starch from the chaff, it will be allowed to settle for some hours before dehydrating and drying it for consumption. All these processes are carried out separately and is similar to that of the cassava (Olutayo et al., 2015). Extraction machines developed were designed for industrial use without consideration to the rural dwellers who do not have access to industrial machines, though these may be due to the lack of electricity in rural areas. More so, the massive nature of standalone system for fermentation processes as well as grinding is also one of the major challenges. A small automated system of this nature is required. Also, the process of transferring the filtered product from one place to another for dehydration process may subject the starch to contamination, as such, the small-scale corn extraction system incorporated in this design is an improvement. The aim of this work is to design an automated mobile corn starch extraction model for domestic and commercial applications. The specific objectives are to: design an electronic control system, design a mechanical starch extraction and production system, smart-self-operated system, and write an algorithm capable of coordinating the overall system operation. This proposed system would encourage the production of corn meals locally with ease; and would make way for large scale production using this solar powered system.

Awoyale et al (2019) investigated the outcome of storage on the chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of cassava, the cassava starch-based custard powder was blended as mixture of yellow-fleshed cassava root starch and whole egg powder. The result from their study showed that there are variations in the pasting properties notwithstanding the levels of whole egg powder inclusion, and all the custard powder could form paste below the boiling point of water at the peak time of five minutes (Awoyale et al., 2016). When high quantity of the whole egg powder is used, high protein, iron, and zinc content is produced, but with low amylose and trans-b-carotene contents. This research considers an automated corn starch extraction system, in that cassava has a similar starch content like that of corn, they undergo the same fermentation process which helps to reduce the chemical concentration, as it aids digestion process. This design focuses on corn starch extraction, without consideration of further microbiological analysis. The similarity in cassava and corn starch extraction was evident in (Olutayo et al., 2015) cassava starch extraction machine design, the machine consists of the hopper, the mixing unit, the extraction chamber which houses the screw conveyor (auger) and sieve, the discharge outlets and the power unit. It was concluded that the machine can be used for small and medium production of cassava starch.

However, this paper considers adopting its design technicality for implementation, the machine is designed with its shaft connected vertically, where the corn will be blended alongside with the chaff, followed by other design processes.

In order to attain a maximal level of starch production, a hybrid of corn starch was introduced, and this design will help to meet the starch demand using the proposed extraction and processing model.

The improved corn starch extraction model is an electro-mechanical system with the following subunits: the actuated arms on the grinding system provides the facet where the fermented corn is accepted into the machine, and it is made of stainless steel, this unit is activated when it senses the grain deposit on the tank; the grinding unit is where the corn is ground. It has a stainless steel, a rotating electric motor attached at the base, an inlet to receive corn and water; and an outlet to discharge already ground corn.

The hydraulic support arm of a corn mill model supports the system when on operation to relieve the driving system, which is the tyre. This serves to cushion the effect of vibration on the driving system during operation.  This work aimed at discussing the fabrication of a hydraulic support arm of a corn mill model

1.2                                    AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this study is to discussed the fabrication of a hydraulic support arm which is one of the major part of the corn mill model

The objectives of this study are:

1. To have the knowledge about the hydraulic support arm of a corn starch model
2. Identify the steps of the engineering design process.

• Recognize the steps of the engineering design process as they design and build.

1. Describe and explain features and purpose of a design.
2. Explain the basic concepts of hydraulic

1.3      SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study was to develop hydraulic support arm of a corn starch mill model. The  hydraulic support arm to support the system when on operation to relieve the driving system, which is the tyre. They transmit power by using the pressure of an in-compressible fluid, usually oil, within a sealed system.

1.4      APPLICATION OF THE STUDY

Many industries use hydraulic arm systems because they have advantages over mechanical, electrical and pneumatic systems. Apart from been used corn starch mill, hydraulic support arm are used in machines such as:

• Cranes
  • Forklifts
  • Hydraulic jacks and presses which are used to crush cars
  • Theme park rides,
  • Aircrafts
  • Rudders of boats
  • Braking
  • Power steering of cars.

1.6     BENEFIT OF HYDRAULIC SUPPORT ARM

Engineers develop hydraulic arms for a variety of reasons. Hydraulic arms can be used in situations that are too difficult or dangerous for people to deal with directly or in automated systems. Examples include arms that lift heavy weights and arms that hold a load and unload them into a specific position.