Use Of Instructional Materials For Effective Teaching And Learning Of Business Education In Junior Secondary Schools

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study

In recent years science has become a highly esteemed and important set of subjects in the country, moreso, that newly in the history of human kind has a society been so dependent upon business knowledge as ours. This made business educators to be greatly concerned with students opinion and their attitude to the teaching of business subjects in our schools.

Business education is one of the occupational areas that are richly providedby vocational and technical education in Nigeria. Business education refers to aprogramme of instruction that offers various skills in accounting, marketing andOffice Technology and Management (OTM). Major topics include: office practice,book keeping, business mathematics, business communication, secretarial duties,word processing, advertising (Ajisafe, Bolarinwa&Edeh 2015).

Edokpolor andEgbri(2017) hadstipulated that the actual goals of business education shall be to:

1. Prepare students for specific career in office occupations;
2. Equip students with the requisite skills for job creation and entrepreneurship; and
3. Expose students with knowledge about business, including a good blend ofcomputer technology, which incorporates Information and Communication Technology(ICT).

They further explained that the first two goals involve education ‘for’ business,which is aimed at equipping recipients with the requisite attributes (knowledge,skills, competencies, and attitudes) to become gainfully employed in the world ofwork, whereas the later addresses education ‘about’ business, which is aimed at providing a sound basis for further studies at the graduate and post-graduate levels.

Because of its numerous benefits, business education is a very popular choice among business subject nationwide. Presently business education is offered by Junior Secondary School as one of the compulsory subjects.

Instructional materials are relevant for the teaching of business education and they are very exclusive as it help to facilitate effective understanding of the rudimentary aspect of the subject.

Salami (2005) defined instructional materials as collection of materials and equipment that can be used to facilitate the process of communication otherwise called interaction in the classroom teaching. Such materials are organized and used to effect a control of message, to motivate, catch and hold attention, stimulate the function of the human sense thus aiding understanding and interpretation and or recreation of meaning.

In view of this acts any improvement in the teaching and learning process of business educationwere seen as a step to sound educational function at all levels of our educational system. In this perspective, the factor responsible for mass failure in business educationare lack of trained teacher, insufficient facilities, unavailability of up-to-date textbooks, unseriousness on the part of the students and above all lack of motivation on the part of the lectures who handle the course. In addition to these, lack of basic instructional packages and indifferent attitude of the students could facilitate students poor performance business education in junior secondary school.

The concern of the study is to investigate into the use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of business education in junior secondary schools

Statement of the Problem
It is often identified that instructional materials are essential tools which facilitate effective understanding in the classroom interaction, it equipped and built on the teacher competence. In order to itemize correctly the challenges that junior secondary Students faces in the teaching and learning situation. It will be necessary to study their mindset. The study of this will give impetus to the knowledge of how they react to certain conditions, it is widely accepted that when teacher utilizes.

Instructional materials of all sorts ranging from the visual aids e.g. T.V, Computer to teach, Audio-visual and Multisensory devices.

This research is served towards assessing the use of instructional materials in teaching of business education and how it has affected students performance in secondary schools in Ilorin.

Purpose of the Study
The aim of the study is to identify various influences which the use of instructional materials has on the teaching and learning of business education in junior secondary School by observing the influence on selected students in the school.

The specific objectives of the study includes:

• Identify some instructional material uses in schools.
• Assessing the efficiency of the use of such instructional materials in the junior secondary School.
• Appraise students response to the use of this educational resource materials.
• Determine if it enhances teaching and learning.
• Compare and contrast student performance via the use or lack of use of instructional materials.

General Questions

The following questions are raised for the purpose of this research work.

• What are instructional materials?
• What factors determines teachers competence on the uses of instructional materials?
• How does instructional materials influence the teaching of business studies?

Research Questions

The study raises some vital research questions which guide investigation on some ideals and assist in coming to clear conclusions.

The research questions are itemized as follows:

• Do teachers in schools (Junior secondary School) use instructional materials while teaching the students?
• How many students passesbusiness education regularly with or without instructional materials usage.
• Is there any link between instructional materials usage and Junior secondary Schoolstudents academic achievement?

The three research questions will lead to the formation of the following hypotheses which then be tested during the course of this study. They are:

1. Instructional materials has a pertinent influence on student performance in business education in Junior secondary School.
2. Instructional materials has no relevant influence on student performance in business education in Junior secondary School.

Significance of the Study
The study intends to investigate the influence(s) of instructional material on teaching and learning of business and Junior secondary SchoolStudents academic performance in Ilorin. The study amongst other thing will assess the impact of the use of instructional materials. It will also provide detailed information on the subject matter for effective and meaningful teaching.

It goes a long way to encourage teachers to put in more effort at ensuring that they develop or adapt such materials in their teaching so as to provide effective understanding.

The study also enables the teacher to identify the appropriate instructional materials available for business instruction, their usage and how effective such materials in classroom interaction.

However, some of the problems associated with uses of instructional materials in classroom interaction will be identified and provide necessary background information on each identified instructional materials so as to proffer appropriate solution.

This research study would be impetus for further educational research on instructional material usage in higher institution of learning.

Delimitation of the Study

The study is limited to junior secondary School on Ilorin, Kwara State, because the topic of this project focuses on use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of business education in junior secondary schools. Thus the study covers Kwara State Junior secondary School Ilorin as a case study, this is due to time and financial constraints on the part of the researcher.

Definition of Major Terms
The following terms as reflected in the study are given relevant meaning as follows:

• Instructional Materials: These are collection of materials and equipment that can be used to facilitate the process of classroom instruction.
• Academic Performance: Is the attitude or the outcome of the studentsbehaviour towards their education.
• Investigation: Is refer to as a way of examine all the facts connected with an event, situation or allegation in order to discover the truth in business education teaching.
• Teacher: This is a body responsible for impacting knowledge to the learner in the school.
• Students: These are learners in Junior secondary School who offered business education as a Subject.