Design And Construction Of A Solar Based Multipurpose Charger With Emergency Light

ABSTRACT

This project is titled “Design and implementation of solar base multipurpose charger with emergency light for domestic use”. It is designed to meet up with the higher demand of power supply needed to keep our cell phone battery and other rechargeable devices charged. This charger can replenish almost all types of batteries including Mobile phone battery. It uses a Solar Module to convert light energy into electrical energy when exposed to light, can generate and support an electric current without being attached to any external voltage source. An emergency light system is used to turn ON a lamp automatically where a regular AC supply stops working and turns OFF once the main power supply gets back. This work is aimed at constructing a multipurpose charger system which receives from the solar panel and convert it to the level that can be safe to the cell phone battery and other devices.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW OF SOLAR CHARGERS

2.1      HISTORIES OF SOLAR CELLS

2.2      EFFICIENCIES OF SOLAR PANEL

2.3      BENEFITS OF USING SOLAR CHARGERS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF CELL PHONE CHARGER

3.2      CIRCUIT OPERATION

3.4     CIRCUITS DESCRIPTION

3.6    SOLAR PANEL MOUNTING SYSTEM

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3      ASSEMBLING OF SECTION

4.4      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.5      PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

4.6      COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      CONCLUSION

5.2      RECOMMENDATION

5.6      BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                         BACKGROUND

Given the current energy crisis and increasing need for sustainable energy, we endeavored to create a cost-effective, small-scale electrical generator which could be used to power consumer electronics. Solar energy has proven its worth as an alternative energy source because it is low-impact and emission-free. It has been implemented with much success for power grids with hundreds of acres of enormous solar concentrators. Solar power as a renewable energy source, is gaining wide spread acceptance due to the availability of technical know-how and solar resources.     Like all other renewable energy sources, it evidently has numerous benefits over non‐renewable energy sources, such as coal, oil and nuclear energy etc. as an environmental friendly option of power generation it is non‐polluting, reliable and can produce energy anywhere that there is sunlight. Another major advantage is that solar resources are not going to run out anytime soon. When compare with other sources of res, it has some technical and environmental advantages. Solar power is generated using solar panels, which do not require any major mechanical parts, such as wind turbines. these mechanical parts can break down and cause maintenance issues and can also be quite noisy. both of these issues are virtually non‐existent with solar panels. also, the solar cells, that connects together to make up the solar panel, can last up to several decades without replacement. However, there is a shortcoming to solar energy production – energy can only be produce when the sunlight is available. to overcome this, usually solar panels are coupled with back up rechargeable batteries, which can store excess power generated during the period of availability and utilize this in providing energy to systems when there is no sunlight. in this way solar power can be used in residential areas especially for charging of phones and provision of light during the night.

In the small-scale, solar energy has been harvested through the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels and have been used to power anything from an iPod to a residential home. Although PV systems are considered part of the green energy revolution, materials utilized for its construction (like silicon) are extremely dangerous to the environment and much care must be taken to ensure that they are recycled properly. PV cells also only utilize the energy stored in specific wavelengths of light and therefore have an approximate efficiency between 14-19%. Sunlight, however, produces immense amounts of heat which only serves to heat up the surface of the solar cell. Although there are some PV cells that have reached efficiency levels over 40% (world record is 41.6%), they are enormously complex and expensive. Concentrated solar power (CSP) works differently because it focuses solar energy in its entirety rather than absorb it. Ultimately, our group will be designing and producing a SolarPowered Battery

Solar cell phone battery charger is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Solar cell phone chargers use solar panels to charge cell phone batteries. They are an alternative to conventional electrical cell phone chargers and in some cases can be plugged into an electrical outlet.

There are also public solar chargers for mobile phones which can be installed permanently in public places such as streets, park and squares. Some models of cell phones have a built in solar charger and are commercially available for GSM cell phone models. Solar cell phone chargers come in different shapes and configurations including folding and rotating types.

They also come in the form of straps, with solar cells on the outer surface and a nickel metal hydride battery within. They are capable to charge a mobile device fully within six hours of exposure to the Sun resulting in 40 minutes of talk time. Solar chargers are also available for other cell phone accessories, such as Bluetooth headsets and speaker phones.

1.3Statement of Problem

Given the poor rate of energy supply in Nigeria, there is a need to design a solar powered multipurpose charger that is fabricated locally. This is of primary importance because a large number of cell phone owners or users and other rechargeable devices in the rural areas as well as some urban areas with no or limited access to utility electricity, are forced to pay at to charge  their devices from a commercial outfit. This work was carried out to bring an end this problem.

• Aim and Objective of the Study

The main aim of this work is to design and construct a solar base multipurpose charger with emergency light for domestic use. This charger can replenish almost all types of batteries including Mobile phone battery. It uses a Solar Module to convert light energy into electrical energy.

The objectives are as follows:

1. To use one charger to charge different appliances
2. To arrange and solder the component according to the design circuit.

• To reduce the cost of purchasing multiple chargers

1. To test and evaluate the performance of the developed device.
2. To design an electric circuit for the purpose of charging through the solar power with a device that will help keep mobile phone service by providing you with a portable personal charging system.
3. To provide constant electricity supply or those on the go with portable solar power charging systems (with or without battery) to power their mobile phones to enable them make & receive calls.

1.5 Scope of the Research

The idea of a solar powered multiple  charger is an excellent one in that it’s meant to allow you an option for charging you’re your   rechargeable devices when you’re in a remote area or just don’t have access to an electrical outlet or car charger. There are a few on the market today that will do what they say they  will do, whereas others are not living up to high expectations Cell phones can be a real lifesaver in emergency situations. People have come to depend on this technology greatly over the last few years. Technologies such as iPods, MP3 players, and hand-held games have also become quite popular. All of these require fully charged batteries to function at their optimal level. Solar chargers are great for those times you are not close to a power source.

Another benefit of these chargers is that they’re free to use since they use the sun’s energy and can charge many other devices apart from cellphone.

1.6 Significance of the Project

There are several advantages you enjoy when you use a solar charger instead of a conventional phone charger. The energy savings. Unlike conventional energy resources that produce and consume a lot of waste energy from a solar cell phone charger draws energy from renewable sources and produces no waste. You can phone solar charger to use, you can go anywhere, provided you have access to solar energy.

The main advantage behind the invention of this solar powered multi charger is that it saves large amount of electrical energy. The solar panels of which will help in converting the solar energy from the sun into electrical energy through various reactions.

Other advantages of solar powered multi charger reside in the fact that they allow you to access power outside the national grid. You can charge yours devices even while traveling without depending on electricity. This property has made it possible to make use of these cell phone chargers at any possible place.

The last one is these solar powered multi charger is eco/environment-friendly. They don’t produce harmful waste, and can be used anytime and anywhere that there is daylight.

An emergency light system join in this work  is used to turn ON a lamp automatically where a regular AC supply stops working and turns OFF once the main power supply gets back.

1.7 Limitation of the Project

There are some disadvantages to cell phone chargers powered by the sun. The most obvious of course is that if it’s a cloudy or overcast day, your solar powered charger isn’t going to be able to garner the energy it needs from the sun in order to function. Usually, it needs direct sun in order to store enough in the battery to work efficiently.

Another disadvantage to the current solar powered multi charger is that the amount of power they are capable of generating isn’t always enough to keep up with the amount of power required by today’s highly functional cell phones. Some analysts say that in order to meet and exceed the power needs of most cell phones, the solar cell phone charger will have to be larger in order to capture more of the sun’s energy more quickly. However, this poses a problem when it comes to the transport and convenience of the charger. Another drawback is that solar mobile phone chargers are not typically able to generate enough power for a full charge.

1.8                                       APPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY

This device provides constant cell phone charging in our:

• Homes
• Workshops
• Worship centre (such as churches or mosque)
• Offices
• And any other places that electrical energy is been used

1.9 Organization of the Study

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.