Microcontroller Based Portable Paramedic Blood Warmer for Transfusion

The primary objective of this project is to warm stored blood using a warmer that adjusts to the patient’s body temperature. Maintaining temperature is critical for safe patient care, as errors can result in life-threatening conditions. The human body’s normal temperature is 37.5 °C, whereas blood from the blood bank is typically stored at 2 °C – 6 °C. The system employs two temperature sensors: one detects the patient’s body temperature and the other monitors the blood bank’s temperature.

To address these needs, we propose a portable paramedic blood warmer based on a microcontroller. This device aims to reduce blood warming time through precise heating control. Both sensors interface with the microcontroller, which includes an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). A Peltier device serves dual roles for heating or cooling and also acts as a temperature controller.

To manage patient safety, a relay driver mitigates vibration caused by abnormal patient conditions. System output is displayed on an LCD unit for real-time monitoring of heat levels. During transfusion, real-time comparison between the blood bag’s temperature and the patient’s body temperature ensures effective warming, preventing hypothermic effects.

While the blood warmer offers benefits such as contamination-free operation, ease of use, portability, and clear digital temperature display with rapid results, it also presents challenges. These include the inability to cool warmed blood and usage restrictions. Specifications for components, accuracy, dynamic performance, and appearance may vary from the device’s actual implementation