Cause And Remedies Of School Dropout Among Girl Child
(Case Study Of Some Selected Secondary Schools)
The issue of school dropout among girl children is a complex and pressing concern with far-reaching implications. Factors contributing to this phenomenon vary widely and include socio-economic constraints, cultural norms, early marriage, inadequate access to education, gender discrimination, and lack of parental support. Additionally, challenges such as insufficient infrastructure, distance to schools, safety concerns, and societal pressures further exacerbate the problem. To address this issue effectively, holistic remedies are essential. These may include implementing policies to ensure equal access to education, providing financial assistance and scholarships, establishing mentorship programs, enhancing school infrastructure and transportation facilities, fostering community engagement, conducting awareness campaigns to challenge gender stereotypes, and offering vocational training opportunities. Moreover, empowering girls through education and advocating for gender equality are pivotal steps towards mitigating school dropout rates among girl children, fostering their academic advancement, and enabling them to realize their full potential.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction and Background of study – – – –
1.2 Statement of problem – – – – – – –
1.3 Purpose of study – – – – – – – –
1.4 Research Question – – – – – – –
1.5 Hypothesis – – – – – – – – –
1.6 Significance of the study Definition terms – – – –
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Review of related literature – – – – – –
2.2 Causes of school Drop among Junior – – – – –
2.3 Characteristic of school Dropout – – – –
2.4 Solution to the problem of Dropout – – – – –
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology – – – – – –
3.1 Population – – – – – – – – –
3.2 Sample – – – – – – – – –
3.3 Research Subject – – – – – – – –
3.4 Administration Research Instrument – – – –
3.5 Constrain to Administration of Research Instrument – –
3.6 Procedure of Date Analysis – – – – – –
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Presentations, Analysis and interpretation of Date – –
4.1 Method of Date Analysis – – – – – – –
4.2 Discussion – – – – – – – –
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary conclusion and Recommendations – – – –
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – –
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – – –
5.4 References – – – – – – – – –
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The school drops project of the national education association defined school dropout as a pupil who leaves school for any reason as a death, before graduation or completion of a programmed of studies and without transferring to another school.
The term dropout is used most of term to designate an elementary or secondary school pupils who has been a membership during the regular school term and who withdraws from member before graduating from secondary school or before completing an equivalent programmed of studies, such an individual is consider a dropout whether his dropping out occur deterring or between regular school terms whether his dropping out occur before or after he has passed the compulsory school attendance age, and where applicable whether or not he has completed ammonium required amount of school work.
The school According to BBC English dictionary 1992, p723 sees school as an constitution where learning takes place.
Dropout is defined or an curability of a school child to complete or continue with his/her education basically because of reason of finale broken hone or their likes (Farrant 1928 pg 43) parental roles the family in valve the responsibility which is bested on the husband and wife and by virtue to their status as husband and wife.
These obligations may be carried out in different ways by each member toward achieving or contributing to the same purpose or goals of family existence in the course of perfuming this goals or giving responsibilities which will subsequently avoid dropout of school (DENGA 2004).
The new lexicon western ms dictionary of English language (1776 pg 225) sees dropout as a situation where by the child is forced to abandon his education pursuits basically because of his in ability to satisfy basic needs ranging from peer group influence, poor parental background found and a host of other reasons.
Ogbole (2001 pg .5) defined education as human civilization. A body of know ledge, skills, value, attitudes and disposition which human being must not acquired and evolved but lives in the course of time, in their interaction with physical and social word education is the expenses that an individual is expose to which bring about a positive improvement on his skill attitudes and knowledge that leads to the improvement on his environment and himself.
In his book “cause and remedies of school dropout among school girl child” balogun J.O (1976) highlighted that ‘’majority of school dropout occur at the age of 16, which concede with the end of compulsory school attendance in most states boys are likely to dropout than girls and they tend to be some what older when they dropout”
Low leading achievement tend to be association with dropout, but the significant factor have is the low self concept that accompanies reading failures. In comparison of 60 poor reader who graduate, it was found out that the former group held more negative attitudes toward themselves schools dropout has a negative history of poor grade, non promotion and absenteeism. They are likely to participate in exra-curricular activities than dropouts it is because of this feeding that we are promoted and motivated to undertake a critical look at the problems association with school dropout with particular reference to junior secondary school in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa state it is often said that knowing a problem is half way of the solution or the first step so luring it
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
There have been frequent case of school dropout in school most especially in our junior secondary school in Awe, but no any research has been conducted about this very serious problem. This problem of school dropout has one way or the other affected the adjustment and achievement in school some of the reason of factors that normally contributed to the issue of school dropout among the student of junior secondary school include financial problem, peer group influence poor method of teaching by the teachers etc.
The school authority and teachers fine it very difficult to control such ugly trend among the student knows with such act.
It is because of all these situation we felt that it is very imperative to undertake this research in other to minimize such an ugly trend that has constituted menace to the attainment of our education standard in Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this research is to critically appraise the implication for school dropout and its implication on the education development of the children, as well as outline the implication of dropout in our society or community.
The research has the following as its operation objectives
(a) To enable the research find out the frequent causes school dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State
(b) To find out what student normally do when they dropout of school
(c) To find out whether peer group influence has significantly affected school dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.
(d) To find out the role the parents have been contributing to control or minimize the frequent cases of dropout among junior secondary schools in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.
(e) To find out the efforts government have contributed toward the frequent cases of school dropout in Awe Local Government of Nasarawa State
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
It is in line with the important to this research work that this study intends to specifically find out the answers to these questions.
(1) What are the causes of school dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area?
(2) How peer group influence effect the cases of frequent school dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area?
(3) Have individual parent and community been making effort to control the frequent cases of school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State?
(4) Have Government been making significant effort to minimize cases of school drops out among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State?
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
The following are the hypothesis formed to guide the researchs
(1) That peer group inflowing has contributed greatly to ward the frequent cases of school dropping out of school dropout among student of Nasarawa state.
(2) That must student who ended up dropping out of school engage in vices such as arm-robbery, thuggery etc
(3) That parent and community leaders have been doing a lot toward contributing cases of dropout among student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.
1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
Aristotle,a popular philosopher of history and acclaimed reputed one said in his ethics ‘’A life without inflection is not worth loving “ the execution and practice of any policy or set of policies equally call for review. Therefore a work of this nature is expected to be an important addiction to the volume of knowledge and research already existing on the topic.
The research of this project would benefit immensely as it will guide them in no small measure toward knowing the remote causes of dropout among junior secondary school student in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State.
Equally, the study will enable the official the state ministry of education see the need to control the transport cases of school student, so as to enhance qualitative education generally the government and parent should ensure that school dropout is drastically minimize among junior secondary school student in order to boast secondary school education in Awe Local Government of Nasarawa State.
This study also intent to reveal the evicts of dropout as it affection children upbringing and total socialization, parent well be properly education on the need to avoid all acts of commission or omission that cat lead to school dropout it will serue as a guide to enlightens parent to take responsibilities of their children education and provide some positives solution to the implication of school dropout and how school can cope with the problem of school dropout it is out can did hope that the result of the study can be useful to both the college, policy makers, the ministry of education above all the federal ministry of education policies.
1.7 DEFINATION OF TERMS
(1) Dropout: inability of child to continue with his/her education as a result or lack of either financial or peer group influence.
(2) Junior school: these are post primary schools which comprises of all categories of schools after primary school.
(3) Education: systematic training and instruction receiving in the school.
(4) Hypothesis: is and intelligent quest about the solution to a problem under investigation
(5) Peer group: mate age group who goes together in company of each other.
SHARE PROJECT MATERIALS ON:
Cause And Remedies Of School Dropout Among Girl Child:
School dropout among girl children can be attributed to various factors, and addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach. Here are some common causes and potential remedies for school dropout among girl children:
Causes:
- Socio-economic Factors:
- Cause: Poverty often forces families to prioritize immediate economic needs over education.
- Remedy: Implement targeted financial aid programs or scholarships for girls, and promote income-generating activities for families.
- Cultural and Social Norms:
- Cause: Deep-rooted cultural beliefs may prioritize boys’ education over girls’.
- Remedy: Promote community awareness campaigns to challenge gender stereotypes and encourage equal educational opportunities for both genders.
- Early Marriage and Pregnancy:
- Cause: Girls may drop out due to early marriages and pregnancies.
- Remedy: Advocate for and enforce laws against child marriages, and provide reproductive health education and support.
- Lack of Access to Sanitation:
- Cause: Inadequate sanitation facilities in schools may lead to discomfort and dropout, especially during menstruation.
- Remedy: Improve sanitation facilities in schools, provide menstrual hygiene education, and distribute sanitary products.
- Distance to School:
- Cause: Long distances to schools, especially in rural areas, may discourage girls from attending.
- Remedy: Build more schools closer to communities, provide transportation, or establish boarding facilities.
- Gender-Based Violence:
- Cause: The fear of harassment or violence on the way to school or within the school environment.
- Remedy: Implement strict anti-harassment policies, provide safe transportation options, and raise awareness about reporting mechanisms.
Remedies:
- Community Engagement:
- Remedy: Involve communities in educational initiatives, raising awareness about the importance of educating girls and addressing cultural barriers.
- Financial Incentives:
- Remedy: Offer financial incentives, such as scholarships or conditional cash transfers, to families that keep their girls in school.
- Quality Education:
- Remedy: Ensure that the quality of education is high, making it more attractive for families to invest in their daughters’ schooling.
- Health and Sanitation Programs:
- Remedy: Implement health programs, including menstrual hygiene education and accessible sanitation facilities, to address health-related concerns.
- Legal Measures:
- Remedy: Enforce and strengthen laws against child marriage, and create legal frameworks that promote gender equality in education.
- Teacher Training:
- Remedy: Provide teachers with training on gender sensitivity and create an inclusive learning environment that encourages girls to stay in school.
- Parental and Community Involvement:
- Remedy: Encourage parents and community members to actively support girls’ education and participate in school activities.
Addressing school dropout among girl children requires collaboration between governments, NGOs, communities, and families to create an environment where girls are encouraged and supported in their pursuit of education.