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Construction Of Microcontroller Based Vehicle Speed Alarm.

The construction of a microcontroller-based vehicle speed alarm involves integrating various components to create a system that alerts drivers when they exceed predetermined speed limits. This project utilizes a microcontroller, such as an Arduino or Raspberry Pi, combined with sensors to monitor vehicle speed. Additionally, it incorporates an alarm system, which can be auditory or visual, to notify drivers when they surpass the set speed threshold. The process entails programming the microcontroller to continuously read input from the speed sensors and compare it against the defined speed limit. When the vehicle’s speed exceeds this limit, the alarm is triggered, warning the driver to reduce speed. Implementation may also involve incorporating features like speed display, adjustable speed limits, and logging capabilities for further functionality and customization. This project caters to enhancing road safety by providing real-time feedback to drivers, thus mitigating the risks associated with speeding and promoting responsible driving habits.

ABSTRACT

The project is based on Construction of microcontroller vehicle speed alarm system which automatically warns the driver by activating a panic alarm which is triggered on when the driver exceeds the speed limit set in the system which also stops the alarm when the speed is reduced below the set speed limit. A speedometer system is used to monitor the speed of the car. The voltage output of the speedometer system is used to set the time the alarm comes on. The other component parts of the system are power unit which comprises of 5volts regulator and diode for reverse voltage prevention, micro controller, analog to digital converter (ADC), LED, resistors, transistors, wires and potentiometer. By proper steps, time and knowledge, one was able to couple the components together to achieve the desired functions which are stated in the various chapters of this report. This system can be used for road safety and measures taken to prevent accident caused by over speeding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

Title page i

Approval page ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Abstract v

Table of contents vi

List of figures ix

List of table’s x

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background of the study 1
The aim and objective 2
Scope of the project 2
Project report organization 3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

Historical background 4
Speedometer 5
Voltage regulator 8
Transformer 9
Diodes 9
The opt-coupler 11
Potentiometer 13
Transistor 14
Resistor 17
Microcontroller 19

CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM OPERATION

Block diagram of the project 23
Circuit diagram and operation 25

CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

Software designing 32
Calculating led resistor value 33
Constructed system circuit 34

CHAPTER FIVE: TEST OF RESULTS, PACKAGING

Testing of the individual components 36
Unit by unit testing 36
System testing 36
Integration 36
Packaging 36

CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion 38
Problems encountered and solutions 38
Suggestion for further improvements 38
Recommendation 38

APPENDIX A: List of system components 40

APPENDIX B: Component cost table 41

APPENDIX C: System source code 43

BIBLIOGRAPHY 55

LIST OF FIGURES

PAGE

Fig1.1: A modern speedometer 2

Fig2.1: A7805 voltage regulator 8

Fig2.2: Diagram of step down transformer 9

Fig2.3: Diode and its symbol 9

Fig2.4: Diode curve graph 10

Fig2.5: Opt-isolator with phototransistor 12

Fig2.6: LED and its circuit symbol 12

Fig2.7: Potentiometer 14

Fig2.8: Transistor symbol 15

Fig2.9: Resistor and its symbol 17

Fig2.10: Resistor with colour bands 18

Fig2.11: The pin layout of the microcontroller 21

Fig2.12: Architecture of the PIC16F88 microcontroller 22

Fig3.1: Block diagram of the project 23

Fig 3.2: Flow chart 24

Fig3.3: Power supply diagram 26

Fig3.4: Hall Effect module 27

Fig3.5: LED integrated to the control unit (microcontroller) 30

Fig3.6: Complete system diagram 31

Fig4.1: Calculating LED resistor value 33

Fig4.2: System unit 34

LIST OF TABLES

PAGE

Table 2.1: The data sheet 16

Table 2.2: Colour code and tolerance 17

Appendix B Component cost analysis table 41

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The dashboard instrument cluster in a car organizes a variety of sensors and gauges, including the oil pressure gauge, coolant temperature gauge, fuel level gauge, tachometer and more. But the most prominent gauge and perhaps the most important, at least in terms of how many times you look at it while driving is the speedometer. The job of the speedometer is to indicate the speed of a car in miles per hour, kilometers per hour or both. Even in late-model cars, it’s an analog device that uses a needle to point to a specific speed, which the driver reads as a number printed on a dial.

As with any emerging technology, the first speedometers were expensive and available only as options. It wasn’t until 1910 that automobile manufacturers began to include the speedometer as standard equipment. One of the first speedometer suppliers was Otto Schulze Auto meter (OSA), a legacy company of Siemens VDO Automotive AG, one of the leading developers of modern instrument clusters. The first OSA speedometer was built in 1923 and its basic design didn’t change significantly for 60 years. In this project report, high lights will be on the history of speedometers, how they work and digitalization of speedometer, add-on speed checker, and what the future may hold for speedometer design, below is a pictorial overview of a speedometer.