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Design And Construction Of A Simple Intruder Alarm System

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Engineering

The design and construction of a basic intruder alarm system entail the development and assembly of a rudimentary security apparatus aimed at detecting unauthorized access or intrusion into a specified area. This system typically comprises essential components such as sensors, a control unit, and an alert mechanism. Sensors, including motion detectors or magnetic switches, are strategically positioned to detect motion or changes in the environment, triggering the alarm when breached. The control unit, often a microcontroller or programmable logic controller (PLC), processes sensor inputs and activates the alarm upon detecting suspicious activity. The alert mechanism, which may involve sirens, lights, or notifications to a monitoring station, serves to deter intruders and notify occupants or authorities of the security breach. The system’s effectiveness relies on the seamless integration and calibration of its components to accurately identify and respond to potential threats, thus fortifying the safeguarding of the designated premises.

ABSTRACT

The main aim of this project was to ensure a proper security to building against theft or intruder. The circuit uses 555 timers IC which was wired as a timing circuit, amplifier to obtain a maximum audible sound. The 555 timer times the circuits and also generates a tone and this tone is send to transistor which amplifies the tone generated through a loud speaker or buzzer and a PIR sensor that detects the presence of intruder.

This device functions as a major security alarms used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders .

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
PROBLEM STATEMENT
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY

2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INTRUDER ALARM

2.3 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTRUDER SENSOR

2.4 REVIEW OF PIR SENSORS AND ITS APPLICATION

2.5 RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATION

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5 COMPONENTS LIST

3.6 WORKING PRICIPLE

3.7 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3 CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING

4.4 TESTING

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATION

5.3 REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The need for having home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration (Sarode et al., 2013).

The guard was also susceptible to sleep at times. It was then that home alarm system based upon electronic circuits were developed which proved to be highly reliable and were appreciated by the people as they were relieved from constant monitoring of their homes.

This intruder alarm system uses 555 timer IC which was wired as a timing circuit, as tone generator and amplifier to obtain a maximum audible sound and motion sensor (PIR sensor) which generates an interrupt signal when object is detected.

The motion detector will detect the motion of the people or objects and give the appropriate output according to the circuit. In general, motion detector uses different types of sensors like Passive infrared sensor (which will detect the motion of the person using the person body heat), microwave sensor (Microwave sensor will detect the motion of person by measuring the change in frequency from the produced beam), ultrasonic sensor (It produces acoustic signals which will detect the motion of a person) (Sarode et al., 2013).

The 555 timer times the circuits and also generates a tone and this tone is send to transistor which amplifies the tone generated through a loud speaker or buzzer.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The need for having home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration (Sarode et al., 2013).

The guard was also susceptible to sleep at times. It was then that home alarm system based upon electronic circuits were developed which proved to be highly reliable and were appreciated by the people as they were relieved from constant monitoring of their homes.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The need for having a constant home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration. This device brought solution to this need. It ensures adequate protection against intruders.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this project is to create a comfort in the minds of house owners when they out from their premises without much fear of intruder. This circuit is designed to alert the user when an intruder enters into the home. If there is any obstacle in front of PIR sensor, it generates an interrupt signal. This interrupt signal is given to the speaker to alert the user.

The objectives of the study are:

To build the system prototype
To ensure adequate security in our premises.

To detect the presence of an object in a restricted area

To set up a monostable circuit.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device functions as an electronics watch dog. This device functions as a major security alarms used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders. This project shall serve as a means of ensuring adequate security in our homes

1.6 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of an intruder alarm system is to protect from burglary, vandalism, property damage, and, of course, the security of the individuals inside the building.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this work covers building a simple intruder alarm using 555 timer and PIR sensor as the major components of the circuit: A PIR or Passive Infra-red Sensor, as the name indicates, doesn’t emit infrared rays but only detects them.

1.8 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device is used in the following places as:

schools
Home Security Systems.
Prisons Security.
Vehicle Security.
Broadband alarm monitoring.
Glass Break.
Property Theft Alarm

1.9 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Motion based intruder alarm have some problem according to Cerruti, (2015):

it has a limited distance to detect the motion
Other objects such as animals can trigger the alarm.

1.10 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCLUSION

Home security is rapidly growing field and there are new and improved intruder alarms popping up every day. With rapid advancement of technology the filled is turning out to be an area full of scope and new changes can be made to make it’s more efficient. It has years to come, because security is of prime importance to one and all.

This project has basic steps taken in the design and construction of intruder alarm in an electrical/ electronics workshop, these workshops which are well equipped, model for students of electrical/electronics to enhance and impact in them adequate knowledge on the various electrical devices and components.

Again, different electronics components were studied under this condition like Resistor, Transistor, Capacitor, Rectifier, Led etc. their functions, properties and types even Transformer (12) volts was used as the project makes use of a lot of electronic devices.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

First, I thank N.U.C (National University Commission) and this great Institution for allowing us such opportunities, which increases the technological know-how of students.

I recommend that this work should be researched more by future scholars as there are only but few of this work that has been researched on. There are many other forms of alarms that are more advanced like the house intruder alarm and be worked on.

Also, I recommend that every house owner should endeavor to own or install an intruder alarm in their houses because; it is very effective and relevant.