Critical Evaluation Of Multimedia And Traditional Instructional Strategy And Its Influence On Pupils’ Performance In Primary Schools

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

The primary goal of education at all levels is to develop students into useful and productive members of society (Tebabal & Kahssay, 2011). Teachers should use instructional techniques that can effectively convey knowledge to learners in order to get the greatest results possible in the teaching process. In contrast to learner-centered tactics, many teachers have traditionally used teacher-centered ways to convey knowledge to students. In the realm of educational research, various issues about the influence of teaching practices on learners have been raised to date. Teaching and learning research attempts to determine how different instructional tactics promote student learning performance. There are better ways to convey information to learners than traditional procedures, according to (Wood and Gentile, 2003).

Teachers have continued to exhibit some comprehension of how students acquire knowledge. Many knowledge transmission procedures have been demonstrated to be unsuccessful in terms of the learner’s capacity to remember key concepts (Adunola, 2011). Some techniques of imparting knowledge to students are more passive than active. Lecture and recitation are old-fashioned practices that do not develop collaborative problem solving, critical and creative thinking (Blair, Schwartz, Biswas, & Leelawong, 2007). As a result, modern instructors have advocated for the use of constructivist and participatory educational methods in classrooms (Pirker & Gütl, 2015). As a result, teachers should not only teach how to recite, but also how to solve issues and apply the principles they have learned. Etobro and Fabinu (2017) proposed making the content of senior high school biology curriculum more current, useful, and exciting for students to achieve this. As a result, it is advised that students visualize concepts and processes as part of an educational technique supplemented by computer-based multimedia instructions. Depending on the multimedia aspect employed, the term multimedia has been defined in a variety of ways. Multimedia, for example, is described by Mayer (2000) as the presentation of learning media employing both graphical and verbal forms such as spoken and written materials. Multimedia, according to Khasawneh (2009), is the “design, implementation, modification, storage, and effective distribution of diverse sorts of material to interested viewers.” Multimedia, according to Mukherjee (2018), should be interactive and controlled by the user by that way would help learning outcome to be met and improve learner’s academic achievement.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Humankind has been the subject of a rapid transformation he has never seen or experienced before. High-tech and its impact in society are most likely the most effective factors in this process. The growth and generality of technology has had an impact on educational institutions, and a need to raise technology-user persons for a variety of areas, with industry at the forefront, has evolved, particularly during the teaching and learning process in many fields (Akpinar, 2003).

After the 1980s, it was also seen that growing the usage of hardware and software in the field of education had a favorable impact on the learning environment (Akkoyunlu, 1995). In this regard, with the increased use of computer equipment and software after the 1980s, educational settings have also evolved. According to Dwyer (1993, translated by eliköz, 1998), secondary school pupils can get knowledge and information that would be hard to obtain in traditional ways, as well as the possibility to develop their own goods using multimedia techniques. As a consequence, it is possible to conclude that the usage of multimedia has the goal of assisting secondary school students with a variety of talents and learning styles. However there is a gap on and scanty literature on how traditional and multimedia instructional strategy can influence academic achievement in primary schools. This in a bid to fill this gap, the researcher seeks to examine multimedia and traditional instructional strategy and its influence on pupils’ performance in primary schools.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The broad objective of this study is to present an evaluation of multimedia and traditional instructional strategies and its influence on pupils’ performance in primary schools using Delta State as case Study: Specifically, the study seeks to:

1. Determine whether the adoption of traditional instructional strategies influences effective teaching and learning in Primary schools.
2. Find out whether teacher’s centered instructional strategy affects the academic performance of pupils in primary schools.
3. Find out whether the use of multimedia in instructional delivery enhances pupils academic performance in primary schools.
4. Determine whether there is a significant difference between the academic performance of pupils taught using traditional instructional strategies and those taught using multimedia.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions were answered in the study:

1. Does the adoption of traditional instructional strategies influences effective teaching and learning in Primary schools?
2. Does teacher’s centered instructional strategy affects the academic performance of pupils in primary schools?
3. Does the use of multimedia in instructional delivery enhances pupils academic performance in primary schools?
4. Is there a significant difference between the academic performance of pupils taught using traditional instructional strategies and those taught using multimedia?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

Ho: The use of multimedia in instructional delivery does not enhance pupils academic performance in primary schools.

Ha: The use of multimedia in instructional delivery enhances pupils academic performance in primary schools.

1.6 Significance of the Study

Findings from the study will be beneficial to government, curriculum planners and school administrators. This study intended to find the impact of inadequate instructional materials in primary schools in Delta State. The knowledge obtained would help the government most especially local government and educators to reflect and make evaluation on the requirements of other instructional materials apart from class-rooms alone and on the need to make provisions for multimedia equipmen in consonant with technology driven age. The evaluation of instructional materials, along with other reform movements, allows educators and planners to plan for appropriate environment for teaching and learning so as to provide quality secondary school education. Empirically, findings from the study will add to the body of existing literature and serve as a reference material to both student and scholars who wishes to conduct further studies in related field.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on the evaluation of multimedia and traditional instructional strategy and its influence on pupils’ performance in primary schools (a case study of primary schools in Delta state). Hence this study will be conducted in Ndokwa West Local Government, in Delta state.

1.8 Limitations of the Study

In the course of carrying out this study, the researcher experienced some constraints, which included time constraints, financial constraints, and the attitude of the respondents. However, the researcher were able to manage these just to ensure the success of this study.

Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges.

1.9 Definition of Terms

Instruction Materials:

Instruction materials are facilities given to students, so that they can use every opportunity to develop full potential. Instructional materials include fixtures, equipment, and buildings necessary for the effective and efficient operation of the program of public education (uslegal.com, 2015).

Academic Performance:

Academic performance refers to the level at which a student, teacher or institution has managed to reach their educational goals.

1.10 Organization of the Studies

The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.