Design And Construction Of 12V And 24V Automatic Battery Charger With Full Charge Alarm
The design and construction of a 12 and 24V automatic battery charger with a full charge alarm involves creating a sophisticated system capable of efficiently charging batteries while ensuring safety and reliability. This involves integrating components such as voltage regulators, current sensors, microcontrollers, and alarm circuits to manage the charging process effectively. The charger must be adaptable to both 12V and 24V batteries, necessitating versatile circuitry. Incorporating automatic features ensures optimal charging without overcharging, which can damage batteries. The full charge alarm serves as a crucial indicator, alerting users when the battery reaches its maximum capacity, thereby preventing potential overcharging issues. By employing a combination of advanced electronics and intelligent control mechanisms, this battery charger offers a comprehensive solution for maintaining and prolonging the lifespan of 12V and 24V batteries.
This project is on a 12 and 24volt automatic battery charger with full charge alarm. This work is aimed at building an automatic battery charger which charges batteries with EMF of 12 and 24v which also indicates whenever the battery is fully charged at any of the voltage level.
Method: The device was first built on a breadboard which is later transfer to vero board and soldered. Three switches were provided for power, charging voltage selection and alarm selection.
Result: The device was completely build and coupled, the result during the test shows that the charger was able to respond to its operation when a 12 and 24volts battery were connected.
Conclusion and Recommendation: At the end of this project – battery charger, this device was built and tested. This type of device is important because there are many rechargeable devices that use 12 and 24v battery. I recommend that device should not be used for any other device lower or higher than 12 and 24v rating.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Problem Statement
Hypothesis/Research Questions
Objective of Study
Significance of Study
Scope of Study
Limitations of Study
Definitions of terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Review of Related works
2.2 Contribution to Knowledge
2.3 Proposed system’s Theories
2.4 Expected Results from Hardware &Software
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 Material Parts List
3.2 Hardware Design Methods
3.3 Software Design Methods
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS/ANALYSIS
4.1 Testing of Hardware and software
4.2 Hardware Result/analysis
4.3 Software result/analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
A battery charger is described as is a device that provides electricity to convert into stored chemical energy for storage in an electrochemical cell by running an electric current through it. [Zhang et al, 2013].
A battery charger consists of a rectifier circuit, power circuit, ripple monitoring, control circuit, regulator circuit.
A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular charger depends largely on the size of battery.
The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge without a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation according to [Zhang et al, 2013].
This work is aimed at building a 12 and 24volt automatic battery charger with full charge alarm.
1.2 Problem Statement
There is nothing is as dangerous as when a battery was fully charged and the owner is not aware of the charging state. This study solve problems such as not knowing when it is fully charged which can cause the battery not to charged or to over-charge.
1.3 Hypothesis/Research Questions
H1: There is a significant relationship between charger and rechargeable battery.
1.4 Research Questions
What is the importance of battery charger?
Is there any disadvantage of using this type of battery charger?
What is the operating principle of a battery charger?
1.5 Aim and Objective of Study
The main aim of this work is to build an automatic battery charger of 12 and 24volt with full charge alarm. The objectives are:
- To build the device
- To know when a battery is charging or not
- To know the status of a battery thereby saving the battery from over-charge
1.6 Significance of Study
Carrying this work will go along way teaching students how battery charger is been made and the operation of battery charger. This study will also be of great benefit to all users of charger and rechargeable devices in that it will help them to understand how their battery is been charged and how chargers are operated.
1.7 Scope of Study
The scope of this work focuses on the building of a 12v and 24v battery charger that incorporated an alarm for fully charge alarm indicator. In this work, the selection of charging voltage and voltage monitoring alarm is done using switches.
1.8 Limitations of Study
This charger can only be used for 12 and 24v batteries. The final packaging of the device will compose of two LEDs which includes LED for power and charging output voltage.
1.9 Definitions of terms
Below are terms that are frequently used in this work and their definitions:
Battery: a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.
Charger: a device for charging a battery or battery-powered equipment.
Capacitor: a charge storage device made up of two metallic plates separated by a dielectric, with equal but opposite charges. The AC impedance of a Capacitor is (1 / jWL) and acts as an open circuit in DC applications.
Circuit: a complete path that allows electrical current from one terminal of a voltage source to the other terminal.
Alternating (AC) Current: currents that have a harmonic time dependence.
Ampere (A): the unit of measurement for electrical current in coulombs per second.
SHARE PROJECT MATERIALS ON:
The “Design and Construction of 12V and 24V Automatic Battery Charger with Full Charge Alarm” refers to a project that involves creating a circuit or device capable of charging 12-volt and 24-volt batteries automatically while incorporating a feature to alert the user when the battery is fully charged. This kind of project is often undertaken by electronics enthusiasts, hobbyists, and engineers interested in practical applications of electronics and battery management.
Here’s a general overview of what such a project might entail:
1. Circuit Design: The core of the project would involve designing an electronic circuit that regulates the charging process of the batteries. This circuit typically includes components like voltage regulators, transistors, diodes, resistors, and capacitors. The design should incorporate features like overcharge protection, voltage regulation, and current limiting to ensure safe and efficient charging.
2. Automatic Charging: The circuit needs to be designed to automatically detect the battery voltage and adjust the charging current accordingly. This might involve using a microcontroller or specialized charging ICs to manage the charging process based on the battery’s voltage and current levels.
3. Full Charge Detection: To incorporate a full charge alarm, you’ll need to implement a mechanism that monitors the battery’s voltage and/or current to detect when the battery is fully charged. Once the battery reaches its full charge, the circuit should trigger an alarm or a visual indicator to alert the user.
4. Alarm Mechanism: The alarm mechanism can be implemented using various components such as buzzers, LEDs, or even digital displays. The circuit should be designed to trigger the alarm when the battery reaches its full charge, indicating that the charging process is complete.
5. Voltage Selection (12V and 24V): Since the project involves charging both 12-volt and 24-volt batteries, the circuit should be adaptable to handle both voltage levels. This might involve designing a switching mechanism or providing user-selectable options to set the desired voltage.
6. Enclosure and User Interface: The finished circuit can be enclosed in a suitable casing to protect it from external elements. Additionally, a user interface could be added, which might include buttons, switches, or a display to control the charging process and set parameters.
7. Testing and Calibration: Once the circuit is constructed, it needs to be thoroughly tested to ensure that it functions as intended. Calibration of the voltage and current thresholds might be required to optimize the charging process and accurately detect a full charge.
It’s important to note that this project involves a moderate level of electronics knowledge and skills. Safety considerations are crucial, as improper battery charging can lead to damage, overheating, or even fires. Therefore, if you’re not experienced with electronics, it’s advisable to consult with someone who is or to follow detailed guides and resources related to battery charging circuits and electronics projects.