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Design And Construction Of A 12 Volts Automatic Car Battery Charger With Full Voltage Cutout

This comprehensive project focuses on the development of a sophisticated 12-volt automatic car battery charger equipped with a full voltage cutout mechanism. The charger’s design integrates cutting-edge technology to ensure efficient and safe charging of automotive batteries. Employing advanced circuitry and smart control systems, the device optimizes charging parameters while mitigating risks of overcharging or undercharging, thus extending battery lifespan. Through meticulous engineering and precise construction, this innovative charger enhances user convenience and battery performance, offering a reliable solution for vehicle maintenance and longevity.

ABSTRACT

A battery charger is an electrical device employed for charging batteries. These batteries that are usually charged by battery charger are the storage batteries also known as “accumulator” the battery charger changes. The alternating current forms the power line into d.c suitable for charging.

When the battery is fully changed, is up to it’s maximum, 12 volt, the charger with automatically stop changing with the help of the contact relay, the transistor and the zener diode when bend the current back to the system, and the system have the ability to indicate when the battery is charging or not, when the battery is empty or fully charged.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

A battery charger is an electrical device employed in charging batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”.

The charger is made up of various electrical and electronics component which for the purpose of clanty are group into your basic unit they are:

The power supply units

The smoothing circuits

The regulating unit and

Regulated D.C charging units

A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular and of charger that depends largely int eh size of battery or battery or batteries which on mterds to charge the mini battery changer could be used to charge batteries whose voltage ranges from 6 – 12 volts. The bigger battery changes are for batteries with voltage ranging from 12 – 48 volts. These are the heavy duty batteries.

The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge with out a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objective of the project is to design a device that will recharge 12v car lead acid battery when discharged, a battery charger that will shut off the charging process once the battery attains full charge. This prevents overcharging of the battery so that, the charger can be left unattended.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device charges 12v acid battery mainly, however, if the output voltages are adjusted can be used to charge battery of lower or higher voltages. Apart from charging batteries, this device can also be used as a battery level monitor due to the battery level feature it contains.

1.4 ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER

The main advantages of this battery charger over other chargers is the ability of the charger to indicate battery charging levels and also the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and resume charging when the battery level drops below the set level.

1.5 FEATURES OF AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER

Features of automatic battery charger are as below:

Automatic battery charger has an indicator to indicate when the battery is fully charged
It has a manually operated switch that is used to ON and OFF the entire system.

It consumed less current but generate high current to the load