Construction Of A Battery Changer Using Silicon Controlled Regulator SCR
The construction of a battery changer utilizing a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) involves a sophisticated integration of electronic components to facilitate controlled charging processes. An SCR, a key semiconductor device, plays a fundamental role in regulating the flow of current to the battery. This device operates as a switch, allowing controlled bursts of electrical energy to flow, ensuring optimal charging without overloading the battery. The circuit design must incorporate precision to manage voltage levels and prevent overcharging, safeguarding the battery life. Careful consideration of the SCR’s characteristics is paramount to achieving an efficient and reliable battery changer. Attention to detail in the construction process is crucial, encompassing the selection of appropriate resistors, capacitors, and diodes to complement the SCR’s functionality. The construction of such a device demands a keen understanding of electronic components and their interplay to orchestrate a seamless charging mechanism.
The practical importance of a battery charger in today world cannot be over emphasized. This is so as those batteries accumulators are immensely needed by out auto mobile and in science laboratories.
This thesis describes the methodical approach to the design and construction of any battery charger. However the procedure fro developed cover the construction of battery charger for battery sizes ranging from 6 voltage to 24volatge (heavy duty) batteries.
The prototype of a battery charger for these ranges of batteries has been implemented following the methodical approach as outlined in this thesis and its operational test results are quite satisfactory. adequate care has been taken in the design and construction to ensure that the resultant battery charger are both reliable and easy to use.
Title Page
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background Of The Project
1.2 Aim And Objective
1.3 Scope Of The Project
1.4 Organization Of The Project
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Battery
2.2 The Storage Battery
2.2.1 Nikel Iron Battery
2.2.2 Lead Acid Battery
2.3 Indications Of A Fully Charged Cell
2.3.1 Gassing
2.3.2 Voltage
2.3.3 Colour
2.3.4 Charger
Chapter Three
3.1 Function Block Diagram
3.1.1 Power Supply Unit
3.1.2 Ac To Dc Rectification
3.1.3 Filter And Regulation
3.2 Types Of Carrging System
3.2.1 Half Wave System
3.2.2 Full Wave Charging System
Chapter Four
4.1 Construction Of Battery Charger
4.1.1 Power Supply Unit (Psu)
4.1.2 Detector Circuit
4.2 Components Of A Psu
4.3 Components Of Detector Circuit
Chapter Five
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Component Sourcing
References
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In our society today writing a project is all about applying the theories learnt over the year to produce design and construct and operating system which will be capable of performing a known task.
It is from this point of view that I decoded to write, design and construct this particular project which has the titles construction of a battery charger using SCR (Silicon controlled regulator).
A battery charger is an electric device employed in charging batteries the batteries. The batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as accumulators.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEMS
The charger is made up of various electrical and electronics components which for purpose of clarity are grouped into four basic units. They are the power supply unit the smoothening circuit the regulatory unit and the regulated direct current (d.c) charging unit.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The aim and objective of this project is to highlight and design how to use SCR to charger batteries. Battery charger been constructed in many different ways but the silicon control regulated type is more sensitive than the ordinary battery charger. This is because it has the ability to indicate or detect full charging of a cell the detector or indicator light will automatically lights up when the battery attains a fully charged cell.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Battery charger comes in various design voltages and wattages the choice of a particular kind of charger then depends largely on the size of battery or batteries which one intends to charge the miniature battery charger could be needed to charge one battery whose voltage ranges form 6-12voltage the bigger charger are for batteries with voltages ranging from 12-48 voltage. These are the heavy duty batteries. The battery charger that I am about to construct will successfully charge a battery of 250MA or an equivalent 6-12 volts batteries.
1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT
The proceeding chapter of this project is all about the literature review of this project and the indications of a fully charged cell. Chapter three explains the functional block diagram types of charging system. The construction of this project is all stated in detail in chapter four of this report chapter five outlines the summary conclusion component sourcing and references.
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Construction Of A Battery Changer Using Silicon Controlled Regulator SCR:
Building a battery charger using a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) involves designing a circuit that controls the charging process. The SCR is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow when triggered, making it suitable for controlling the charging current to a battery. Here’s a basic outline of how you can construct a simple SCR-based battery charger:
Components Needed:
- Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)
- Transformer
- Bridge rectifier
- Voltage regulator (LM7812)
- Filter capacitors (electrolytic)
- Diodes (1N4007)
- Resistor
- Potentiometer (optional for adjustable charging)
- Ammeter and voltmeter (optional for monitoring)
- Heat sinks (for SCR and LM7812)
- Battery terminals and wires
- Enclosure and heatsinks (for safety)
Circuit Diagram:
Steps to Construct the SCR Battery Charger:
- Safety First: Always prioritize safety when working with electrical circuits. Ensure that you are knowledgeable about electrical safety precautions, and use appropriate safety gear when necessary.
- Transformer: Connect the primary winding of the transformer to the mains power supply (110V or 220V AC, depending on your region). Connect the secondary winding of the transformer to the input of the bridge rectifier. This transformer will step down the voltage to a suitable level for charging the battery.
- Bridge Rectifier: The bridge rectifier converts the AC voltage into DC voltage. Connect the AC terminals of the secondary winding to the input of the bridge rectifier, and connect the positive and negative DC outputs of the bridge rectifier to the corresponding terminals.
- Voltage Regulation: Connect the output of the bridge rectifier to the input of the voltage regulator (LM7812). The voltage regulator will ensure a stable 12V output.
- SCR Control: Connect the gate (G) of the SCR to a resistor and a potentiometer (for adjustable charging voltage). Connect the other terminal of the potentiometer to the negative terminal of the battery. This potentiometer allows you to adjust the trigger voltage of the SCR, which controls the charging voltage.
- SCR Anode and Cathode: Connect the anode (A) of the SCR to the positive terminal of the battery and the cathode (K) to the negative terminal of the battery.
- Current Limiting: You can add an ammeter in series with the battery and a voltmeter across the battery terminals to monitor the charging current and voltage.
- Heat Sinks: Attach heat sinks to the SCR and the LM7812 voltage regulator to dissipate heat generated during operation.
- Enclosure: Place the entire circuit in an enclosure for safety and protection.
- Testing: Carefully power up the circuit and use the potentiometer to adjust the charging voltage to the desired level. Monitor the charging current and voltage to ensure they are within safe limits for your battery.
- Charging: Connect the battery to the charger. The SCR will control the charging process based on your adjustment and the battery’s condition.
Remember that different batteries have different charging characteristics, so make sure to research the specific charging requirements for your battery type and adjust the circuit accordingly. Additionally, ensure proper ventilation and cooling for components that generate heat, such as the SCR and LM7812 regulator. Always follow safety guidelines and use appropriate precautions when working with electricity.