Design And Construction Of A 3.5KVA Single Phase Automatic Change Over With Generator Auto Stopper And Starter

Electrical Electronics Engineering

The design and construction of a 3.5KVA single-phase automatic changeover system with a generator auto-stopper and starter involves the integration of various electrical components to ensure seamless power transition and efficient generator operation. This system typically comprises a microcontroller-based automatic transfer switch (ATS) that detects mains power failure and automatically switches the load to the generator. Additionally, it incorporates a generator auto-stopper that halts generator operation once mains power is restored, thus optimizing fuel consumption and reducing emissions. The starter mechanism enables convenient and safe generator activation when needed. Essential components such as relays, contactors, voltage sensors, and motorized circuit breakers are carefully selected and interconnected within the system to ensure reliable performance and compliance with safety standards. The design process involves meticulous planning, schematic diagram creation, component selection based on load requirements, and assembly of the system with attention to detail. Thorough testing and quality assurance procedures are conducted to validate functionality and performance, ensuring a robust and dependable solution for uninterrupted power supply in single-phase applications.

ABSTRACT

As technological advancement has been on the increase in our society many have fallen in love with technology and world want to have a feel in virtually to everything they do.

This Automatic Changeover Switch switches on and off the generator and automatically changes over to mains supply. An Automatic Changeover Switch will automatically switch ON and changeover to generator when power failure occur to the mains and as well OFF your generator and change over to MAINs on resumption.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.3 AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1.5 PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.7 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGY
REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS EXISTING SYSTEM
SUMMARY OF REVIEWED WORKS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM BLOCK

3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.4 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS

3.5 THE RELAY DRIVER STAGE

3.6 THEORY OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS

4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.4 CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING

4.5 ECONOMIC OF THE PROJECT

4.6 PROJECT VIABILITY

4.7 RELIABILITY

4.8 MAINTAINABILITY

4.9 PROJECT EVALUATION

4.10 TESTING, TROUBLESHOOTING AND REMEDY

4.11 TROUBLE SHOOTING AND REMEDY

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This project is on the design and co of automatic change over and how it can be used to change from one power sources to the other automatically. The design comprises some arrangement that senses the power failure form either of the power sources and drives the electro mechanical switching device (relay) that is capable of changing two poles (live and neutral) to give out light or be on standby to generator side.

Power instability or outage in general does not promote development in the public and private sector. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or frequent power failure. These limit the development of industries. In addition, there are processes that cannot be interrupted because of their importance for instance, surgery operation in hospitals, transfer of money between banks and lots more. Power instability and outage in developing countries (Nigeria) creates a need for alternative sources of power to backup the mains supply.

Automatic changeover switches find a wide application scope wherever the reliability of electrical supply from the utilities is low and it is used in lighting/motor circuits wherever continuity of supply is necessary, for switching to an alternative source from main supply and vice versa.

Electronic components such as relay transformer diodes were used thereby making the project less expensive for the implementation of the project and commercial application.

Moreover, the cost suitability and availability of the required components for the project circuitry were some of the major factors considered by the designer

1.2 AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

To design a circuit that will automatically change over from main power supply (PHCN) to power generating set and vice versa, and using tripping mechanism or circuit to control the ON/OFF the generator set.

The automatic change over switch, the switch aimed at achieving the following automatic actions;

To change mains power over to generator and vice-versa.
To ON and OFF the generator set during mains failure and mains resumption
To control power changeover without human operation.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The automatic change over switch has the following advantages;

It minimizes damages to lives/equipment since it has its own monitoring system and its switching requires no human contact with the switch, thus eliminating human error.
It reduces its change over timing to the minimum due to its fast response to power outage.
It maintains high quality of service through its fast and prompt response.
Moreover, the size and captivity of the unit will depend upon the load for which it will be used. The unit is also portable, easy, convenient and safe to install.
Genset is put ON – during mains failure and OFF automatically when main power resumes.
Minimized physical activity is to start the generator.
It can operate in low voltage.
Fuel is saved due to auto stop facility.

1.4 PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT

In every home, office or industries, automatic power changeover plays a vital role, that is, It provides a means of switching from utility AC mains to generator in the case of power failure; This project has been improved on the existing types of electromechanical device that has being in use over the years.

In the course of designing this project, different kinds of problem was notice such as:

Difficulty in troubleshooting with circuit without the circuit diagram
Difficulty in connecting the output without short-circuiting, until a multiplexing circuit was gotten.
Difficult in wiring because of the strong wiring the project required.

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This work covers only a one phase automatic changeover which can only be used for providing a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to another in the case of failure in public utility. It is limited to

Phase – one phase
Capacity – 3.5KVA
Input Volt – 220v

1.6 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This circuit can be used as a home, office and industrial lighting system.
It can be used to drive other ac loads like an ac motor.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHANGEOVER: Generally, a changeover switch is a system which could be operated manually or automatically , that changes one source of power supply to another source in case of power failure from either of the two sources.

RELAY: relay is one of the major components used in this work which is an electrical device, typically incorporating an electromagnet, which is activated by a current or signal in one circuit to open or close another circuit.

POWER FLUCTUATIONS: is a periodic dip or spikes in the electrical current of any given circuit.

POWER FAILURE: is a short- or long-term loss of the electric power to an area.

1.9 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this works is on the introduction to changeover switch. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of changeover switch were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of changeover switch. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.