Design And Construction Of A Clap Activated Switch Using 555 Timer

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of a clap-activated switch utilizing a 555 timer involve several key components and steps. Firstly, the 555 timer, a versatile integrated circuit, serves as the core of the circuitry, functioning in astable mode to generate a continuous square wave output. This square wave is then fed into a voltage comparator that senses changes in amplitude caused by the clapping sound. An electret microphone or a sound sensor detects the claps, converting the acoustic energy into electrical signals. These signals are then amplified and rectified to trigger the 555 timer, which in turn activates the switch, allowing current to flow through the connected load. Components such as resistors, capacitors, and diodes are carefully chosen to fine-tune the sensitivity and response time of the circuit. By adjusting parameters like resistor values and capacitance, the sensitivity of the switch to claps can be optimized. Through meticulous wiring and soldering, the circuit is constructed on a prototyping board or printed circuit board (PCB) to ensure stability and reliability. Testing and calibration are essential to verify the functionality and adjust the sensitivity as needed, ensuring that the clap-activated switch operates effectively in various environmental conditions. Overall, the design and construction of a clap-activated switch using a 555 timer entail careful selection and integration of components, precise assembly, and thorough testing to create a responsive and reliable device for convenient control of electrical appliances.

Sensitive Clap activated switch is an electronics device that can switch on & off a light, Fan, Radio or any other appliance by the sound of clap.

This is the system of a very sensitive clap switch. It switches ON/OFF a White LED or electrical appliances through claps. The circuit can sense the sound of claps from a distance of 1-2 meters. Condenser Mic picks up sound vibrations caused by the clap. The main component of this clap switch circuit is the Electric Condenser Mic, which has been used as a sound sensor. Condenser Mic basically converts sound energy into electrical energy, that in turns the lamp ON, through a Transistor.

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

PROBLEM STATEMENT
PROJECT MOTIVATION
AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

REVIEW OF VOICE COMMAND DEVICE
OVERVIEW OF CLAPPING
REVIEW OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.6 COMPONENTS LIST

CHAPTER FOUR

TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
CASING AND PACKAGING
TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CONSTRUCTION TESTING PROCEDURE
MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

PROJECT BACKGROUND

In the present modern world, switching circuits have become an indispensible part of our life. Right from your mobile phone to the various security systems, they can be seen everywhere. Even the horn of your motor car is a kind of switch used to warn people and vehicles in front of its presence. The sole purpose of an switch is to activate or deactivate a device. They may be in the form of a visual indicator, for example a flashing light, but switching circuit in the form of an audible tone or siren is more widely accepted as it is able to wake up even the unaware and the oblivious [Tokhiem R. L, 1999].

This work is on sound activated switch. Clap activation or deactivation switching is all about automating real life devices using clap signals.

The word “switch” is a very common name found in almost all aspects electrical/electronic engineering. Switches can be found in information technology computers, telecommunications, power electronics, power systems, instrumentation etc.

They have been defined by various people or organizations in different ways. Some of the definitions of switches are listed below [Tokhiem R. L, 1999];

As a device that is used to break or stop the flow of charges in a circuit.
As a device used to connect two or more computers together
A device used to interrupt the flow of electrons in a circuit.

All the above definitions are correct, but for this project we are going to define a switch as a device which can be used to control the action of an electrical load, by allowing or obstructing the flow of the electrical signal sent it [Tokhiem R. L, 1999].

PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the industries like the petroleum or chemical industries, some production processes have been started or stopped due to accidental switching of machinery leading to injury or death. This can cause financial strain on a company.
In the radioactive process, manual switching poses great health hazards to the operator due to the side effects of exposure to the radioactive elements.
Manual switching is an uphill task for the disabled/ impaired and aged People due to movement constraints.
Sometimes, we are victims of electric shocks from our devices when we try to switch them ON/OFF due to leaking currents from the electric switches.
- PROJECT MOTIVATION

The motivation of this project is to fulfil the following [Schuler C. A, 1999];

To eliminate the stress in walking from end to end, or room to room of a building to switch devices ON/OFF.
The provision of remote switching helps to safe guard operators and equipment.
To ensure a reliable and safe method of switching domestic and industrial devices.

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The objective of this project is to construct a device which can be switched on and off using clap signals.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this work is defined by the following points

The switching interface in this project is of the general purpose type as it is not restricted to only one type of load.
The clap signal accepted by the computer, will not be limited to just one person.

III. It will not be limited to low voltage, low current AC/DC applications of 240V maximum operating voltage.

The type of control this project employs is the simple ON/OFF control of devices

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT

This project’s completion will be of great benefit to our ever demanding and developing society. Some of these benefits include [Tokhiem R. L, 1999];

Accidental switching of devices will be reduced to a minimum in our industries and homes.
Walking from point to point to switch switches will be a thing of the past.

III. This project will possess the LOCK and UNLOCK functions, which will prevent unintentional switching any time the user wishes

Our industries and homes will become friendlier to disabled people.

1.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Energy efficient
2. Low cost and reliable circuit
3. Complete elimination of manpower
4. High Accuracy

1.8 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The major advantage of a clap switch is that you can turn something (e.g a lamp) on and off from any location in the room (e.g while lying in bed) simply by clapping your hands [Tokhiem R. L, 1999].

The primary application involves an elderly or mobility- impaired person. A clap switch is generally used for a light, television, radio or similar electronic device that the person will want to turn on/off from bed [Tokhiem R. L, 1999].

1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

Design And Construction Of A Clap Activated Switch Using 555 Timer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1.8 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT