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Design And Construction Of A Microcontroller Based Noise Activated Switch

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Engineering

The design and construction of a microcontroller-based noise-activated switch involve integrating sensor technology with microcontroller programming to create a responsive and efficient device. This system typically utilizes a sound sensor to detect environmental noise levels, which is then processed by the microcontroller unit (MCU) programmed with appropriate algorithms. Through this setup, the MCU can interpret the input signals, determine if the noise exceeds a predefined threshold, and trigger the switching mechanism accordingly. The construction involves assembling the necessary components such as the sound sensor, microcontroller (commonly Arduino or Raspberry Pi), relay module for switching, power source, and supporting circuitry onto a prototyping board or custom-designed PCB. The programming aspect involves writing code to initialize the sensor, set the noise threshold, monitor input readings, and control the switching mechanism. Additionally, considerations such as power management, noise filtering, and user interface (e.g., LED indicators or LCD display) can enhance the functionality and usability of the noise-activated switch. Through careful integration of hardware and software components, this project aims to deliver a responsive and reliable solution for automating various applications based on ambient noise levels, catering to sectors like home automation, industrial monitoring, and security systems, thus enhancing efficiency and convenience while reducing energy consumption.

ABSTRACT

This project is titled design and construction of noise activated switch. Noise activated switch is an electrical device that allows appliances or alarm to be turned on when noise is detected. The most important feature of the noise activated switch is its small microphone. The microphone detects sound, such as laughs, slamming doors, and claps of hands. The sound is changed into electrical waves. The electrical waves are magnified by a transistor. The transistor feeds the amplified sound to the microcontroller used. The amplified circuit is connected to a relay contact which acts as a mechanical switch. The relay can be connected to an electric device to make the device turn ON by the noise.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
AIM OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
PROJECT MOTIVATION
PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

OVERVIEW OF NOISE
REGULATION OF ACOUSTIC NOISE
REVIEW OF RECORDING AND REPRODUCTION NOISE
REVIEW OFTHE RELATED STUDY
THEORY OF SOUND
REVIEW OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION

3.1 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3 PARTS LIST

3.4 CIRCUIT OPERATION

3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.6 MICROPROCESSOR UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.1 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.4 COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION

5.1 RECOMMENDATION

5.2 REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

With this noise activated switch, control by sound may be very useful, not just on a robot but also for a bit of home automation, for example a sound-activated light responding to a knock on the door or a hand clap..

Noise activated switch is an electrical device that allows appliances and products to be turned on and off from sound. The most important feature of the sound activated switch is its small microphone. The microphone detects sound, such as laughs, slamming doors, and claps of hands. The sound is changed into electrical waves. The electrical waves are magnified by a transistor. The transistor feeds the amplified sound to AT89C51 microcontroller used . The amplified circuit is connected to a relay contact which acts as a mechanical switch. The relay can be connected to an electric device to make the device turn on and off by the clap of hands or a similar sound.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

One of the undesirable condition every individual is a situation which can interfere with the comfort, e.g. hearing comfort. Condition that may interfere with the comfort of hearing is the noise. Government regulation of the Minister of the environment (1996) States, “noise is unwanted sound from the venture or activity within a certain time and levels that can cause human health problems and environmental comfort.” Health problems that can be caused by noise surely will have impact, both in terms of psychological, physiological, communications and hearing. Suyatno (2010) States, “in daily life, especially the activities of work, a lot of things often spoken about comfort in the work, one of which was the disruption caused by the comfort noise that accepted.”

Humans in daily life surely hear many type of voices, like conversation, the sound of music, vehicles, and machinery, which unrealize can cause problems. Sound frequency that is too high can interfere with comport and human hearing. Many of the diseases and disorders can be caused by noise both in terms of psychological, communication and hearing. In one room, the sound is not needed will make human beings that exist within disturbed and unable to concentrate. At industry events, the sound of machine work with the frequency of the vibration exceeds the threshold of hearing will have an impact on the health of worker.

Existing noise problems of the surroundings needs to get serious attention as it can affect the balance between human and their environment. Because noise is a form of pollution generated sound. Therefore, if is not can be removed the needed a way to reduce the noise.

Noise level measurement is a test to determine how large the value of noise on an activity. Tools used to measure Sound Levels Meter (SLM) with units of Decibel (dB) in which this tool can only measure the noise level only.

The development of a more advanced technology, make human work easier by using technology. Human work easier by using technology to all forms of activities and get the result efficiently. In the case of noise in the environment, the public may know the noise levels automatically with the diverse condition of notification in accordance with the level of the frequency displayed on the output of the detector will be designed tools, so from the information the form of the anticipate the noise by using earplugs and earmuff. Based on the noise problem has been accompanied by the presence of designs a tool that relate with problem in it, which can help the field of health, industry and agencies in measuring noise levels for different purposes.

Suyatno research (2010) managed to make a noise detection instrument sound AVR microcontroller based. The Tool created has the ability measurement ± 58 dBA up to ± 95 dBA, the noise and able to provide information in three condition, that is safety, threshold danger, and very dangerousm which is indicated with a warning lamp. While research Ariyanto (2011) design tool based on noise detection library Atmega microcontroller 8535 with ouput that is already in the form of warning sounds automatically. But the result of the noise level is still on a seven segment, the sound indicated in the room was 43.4 dB. Further research of kharis (2013) makes a noise detection instrument with microcontroller Atmega 16 using a microphone as the sound catcher sensor. This tool is capable of detecting of 55 dB range value 56-75 dB with warning in the form of dot matrix LED and buzzer as a disversion. Jamaludin research (2014) makes the design and implementation of sound level meter (SLM) laboratory scale as a tool to measure the intensity of the sound-based microcontroller. This instrument is capable of measuring in relevant difference ± 5.0 % compared to SLM artificial industry. On a specific frequency value will decrease caused by external and internal conditions, the measurement should be done on a sound-proofed room.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this project is to design and construct a sound or noise activating switch that can be used to control either a lamp or an alarm or any other load.

Want to build a simple sound switch circuit that will toggle any load in response to noise. A small sound activated switch circuit comprising a sound amplifier and a flip flop is presented here, which can be easily built and used to toggle any electrical gadget when the sensor or microphone detects the noise. The heart of the circuit is AT89C51 microcontroller.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT

This study exposes me to the function of a microphone such as that microphone converts the pressure waves caused by sound into vibrations within a coil which transforms the vibrations into electric signals.

This work also exposed me to application of transistor such as using transistor as a switch and also application of a relay such as relay is also used as a switch as well to control load.

Finally, this work mostly exposed me to how to construct this system and also exposed me to know the applications of the system such as: homes, sound activated switch is as used to control a lamp in our rooms and environs.

In industries, sound activated switch is used to control an alarm and time of danger when the security of any place in industries is needed, and also used to monitor intruders in any given environment by activating an alarm when the noise of the intruder gets to the microphone of the system.

1.4 APPLICATION OF PROJECT

Noise activated switch has many applications both in homes and industries. In homes, noise activated switch is as used to control a lamp in our rooms and environs.

In industries, noise activated switch is used to control an alarm and time of danger when the security of any place in industries is needed, and also used to monitor intruders in any given environment by activating an alarm when the noise of the intruder gets to the microphone of the system. It can be used to switch on/off any electrical appliances.

1.5 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In the industries like the petroleum or chemical industries, some production processes have been started or stopped due to accidental switching of machinery leading to injury or death. This can cause financial strain on a company.
In the radioactive process, manual switching poses great health hazards to the operator due to the side effects of exposure to the radioactive elements.
Manual switching is an uphill task for the disabled and the aged due to movement constraints.
Sometimes, we are victims of electric shocks from our devices when we try to switch them ON/OFF due to leaking currents from the electric switches.

1.6 PROJECT MOTIVATION

The motivation of this project is to fulfil the following;

To eliminate the stress in walking from end to end, or room to room of a building to switch devices ON/OFF.
The provision of remote switching helps to safe guard operators and equipment.
To ensure a reliable and safe method of switching domestic and industrial devices.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this work is defined by the following points

The switching interface in this project is of the general purpose type as it is not restricted to only one type of load.
The clap signal accepted by the computer, will not be limited to just one person.

III. It will not be limited to low voltage, low current AC/DC applications of 240V maximum operating voltage.

The type of control this project employs is the simple ON/OFF control of devices