Design And Construction Of A Microcontroller Based Infrared Object Counter
The design and construction of a microcontroller-based infrared object counter involves the integration of infrared sensors with a microcontroller unit to accurately detect and count objects passing through a specific area. This project encompasses the utilization of infrared emitter and receiver pairs strategically placed across the detection zone to sense the presence of objects. Upon interruption of the infrared beam by an object, the receiver registers a signal, triggering the microcontroller to increment the object count. Additionally, interfacing the microcontroller with appropriate display modules such as LCD or LED panels facilitates real-time monitoring of the count. Furthermore, implementing efficient data processing algorithms within the microcontroller enhances accuracy and reliability, while the incorporation of suitable power management circuits ensures optimal functionality. This system caters to diverse applications including traffic monitoring, industrial automation, and retail analytics, offering a cost-effective and scalable solution for object counting needs.
As automation is the next leading step in changing the traditional techniques, the means of making these changes possible is currently in trend. Automating the whole system not only reduces time, but it also saves a lot of resources and man-power. Just assume if a company has a worker employed only for counting the finished products and if this worker is replaced by a digital automatic system, then the chances of false counting, errors, etc. factors are reduced. The digital system can be made with precision and high accuracy along with a high efficiency. It thus replaces the man-power used for the simple task and thereby reduces the problems the normal employee may create. The techniques of developing such a system which replaces the old traditional method of counting objects, are vivid. The developer has to take care of the nature and the environment for which he will be creating such system. One such system which has been designed or forecasted has been introduced in quite a few areas. The main aim of this work is to design an infrared object counter can be installed at the entry gate to count the total number of people entering any venue.
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 AIM OF THE PROJECT
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.8 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.9 METHODOLOGY
1.10 PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL COUNTER
2.2 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIGITAL
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5 SYSTEM PROGRAM
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0 TESTING AND RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The object counter is a cost effective and a simple system. It overcomes the problem of manual counting of objects. Everything is digital, so the signals can be used for further analysis and is compatible with other digital devices. If this system is implemented, then automation in the product counting can be achieved. Also, there is no hazardous elements used in the circuitry and hence it can be used even at hazardous atmospheres in an industrial area. The logic is very simple, the circuit has TSOP1738 sensor which detects whether there is a object or not in front of it. The controller will take the input from theTSOP1738 sensor, process it and sends the output to the seven segment display unit which will display the number of products counted. The TSOP1738 is a IR detecting device, it detects the IR rays transmitted at 38kHzfrequency (it is transmitting frequency not the frequency of the IR rays). Its output is not affected by the surrounding lights; therefore it will sense the object only.
This infrared object counter can be installed at the entry gate to count the total number of people entering any venue. For example, it can be used at the railway stations or bus stands to count the people arriving per day or week.
The counter uses an infrared transmitter-receiver pair and a simple, low-cost calculator. It works even in the presence of normal light. The maximum detection range is about 10 meters. That means the transmitter and the receiver are to be installed (at the opposite pillars of the gate) not more than 10 meters apart. No focusing lens is required. If an 8-digit calculator is used the counter can count up to 99,999,999 easily, and if a 10-digit calculator is used the counter can count up to 9,999,999,999.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Traditional method of counting is done by appointing someone to count object and this involves much labour, wastes time and there is possibility of encountering human errors due to parallax or distraction. In other to solve this problem an object counter was built which is a digital object counting device which can be used to count the number of objects passing across a line , number of persons passing through a gate/door and so on.
1.3 AIM OF THE PROJECT
1. The main aim of the project is to count the number of objects.
2. To design an efficient model with low cost.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this project is to construct a device which can count the number of people entering a particular place. Infrared object counter can be installed at the entry gate to count the total number of people entering any venue.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
The counter application is often used for:
i. Counting people traversing a certain passage or entrance. For example, in commercial buildings there are gates which control user access or presence often used to optimize energy consumption;
ii. Counting objects or merchandise in industrial sector;
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
i. The distance from the object is very important and in some cases the IR sensor is not suitable for these applications. If the distance from the object is greater than 20-30cm, the ultrasonic sensor can be a better choice.
ii. Entire circuit can be powered from a 5V DC supply.
LDR must be placed in an enclosure so that the light from LED alone falls on it.
1.7 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
People / Object counter circuit have a wide variety of applications in Banks, Hospitals, factories etc. The purpose of the project focuses on building an effective counter using IR as a sensing element and capable of counting from 0 to 999.
1.8 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This work is about a simple object counter/visitor counter using 8051 microcontroller. AT89S51 belonging to the 8051 family is the microcontroller used here. This circuit can count the number of objects passing across a line, number of persons passing through a gate/door and so on.
1.9 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective, scope, purpose, limitation and application, of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
SHARE PROJECT MATERIALS ON:
Creating a microcontroller-based infrared (IR) object counter involves using an IR sensor to detect objects passing through its field, and a microcontroller to process the sensor data and update a counter. Here’s a basic outline of how you might approach this project:
Components Needed:
- Microcontroller: You can use popular microcontrollers like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or any other microcontroller of your choice.
- Infrared Sensor: An IR sensor module, such as the TCRT5000, can be used. This sensor typically has an IR transmitter and receiver pair.
- Display: Depending on your preference, you can use LED displays, 7-segment displays, LCD displays, or even serial communication to display the count.
- Power Supply: Make sure you have a suitable power supply for your microcontroller and sensor.
Circuit Connection:
- Connect the VCC and GND pins of the IR sensor to the appropriate power and ground pins on the microcontroller.
- Connect the signal pin of the IR sensor to a digital input pin on the microcontroller.
- If you’re using a display, connect it to the microcontroller based on the display type you choose.
Programming the Microcontroller:
Write a program for your microcontroller to perform the following tasks:
- Initialize Variables: Set up a variable to store the object count.
- Configure Pins: Set the digital pin connected to the IR sensor as INPUT.
- Main Loop:
- Continuously monitor the state of the IR sensor.
- When an object is detected (i.e., when the IR beam is broken), increment the object count.
- Update the display or send the count to a serial interface for monitoring.
// Example Arduino code for an IR object counter
const int irSensorPin = 2; // Connect the signal pin of the IR sensor to digital pin 2
int objectCount = 0; // Initialize object count
void setup() {
pinMode(irSensorPin, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // Uncomment if using serial communication for monitoring
}
void loop() {
// Check if the IR sensor is triggered
if (digitalRead(irSensorPin) == LOW) {
objectCount++;
// Display the count on a 7-segment display or send it via serial
Serial.print(“Object Count: “);
Serial.println(objectCount);
delay(1000); // Adjust delay based on your application to prevent rapid count increments
}
}
Testing:
- Upload the code to your microcontroller.
- Connect the circuit.
- Test the object counter by passing objects through the IR beam.
Enhancements:
- Multiple Sensors: For more accuracy, you can use multiple IR sensors.
- Data Logging: Save the count data to EEPROM or an external storage device.
- Wireless Communication: Transmit the count wirelessly using technologies like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.
Remember to adapt the code and connections based on your specific microcontroller and components. Always refer to the datasheets and documentation for the components you are using