Design And Construction Of A Microcontroller Based Water Level Controller Using 89C52

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Engineering

The design and construction of a microcontroller-based water level controller using the 89C52 microcontroller involves integrating sensor inputs, processing data, and controlling outputs to regulate water levels in a tank. Employing ultrasonic or float sensors, the system detects water levels, with the 89C52 microcontroller managing this data through its input/output ports. Through programmed algorithms, the microcontroller determines when to activate/deactivate the water pump or solenoid valves, maintaining desired water levels. Construction entails connecting sensors to appropriate ports, programming the microcontroller to interpret sensor data, and linking it to output devices like pumps or valves. This water level controller enhances efficiency, automating water management processes for applications like irrigation or domestic water supply, contributing to resource conservation and operational convenience.

ABSTRACT

This project is titled the design and construction of an automatic water level controller system. It is designed to control flow and pumping of water to over-head tank.

The Water Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set motor will control the operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level (i.e. T2 level) in Overhead Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full (i.e. T1 level),Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank (i.e. S2 level), and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.

This work is aim at constructing an automatic water level controller that will control the flow and pumping of water in the overhead tank which is controlled by 89c52 microcontroller.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.5 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF WATER CONTROLLER

2.2 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SENSOR

2.3 THE CONCEPT OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTIONS METHODOLOGY

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION OF THE WATER INDICATOR

3.4 COMPONENTS USED

3.5 THE WORKING PRINCIPLE

3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.6 SPECIFICATION AND OPERATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT

3.7 MICROPROCESSOR UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTION

4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.5 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

4.6 COST ANALYSIS

4.7 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FFIVE

5.1 CONCLUSION

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

5.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Water Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set motor will control the operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level in Overhead Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full ,Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank , and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.

Automatic water level controller circuit is an engineering project. It can automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or college using less costly components. The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction.

The automatic pump controller eliminates the need for any manual switching of pumps installed for the purpose of pumping water from a reservoir to an overhead tank. It automatically switches on the pump when the water level in the tank falls below a certain low level, provided the water level in the reservoir is above a certain level. Subsequently, as the water level in the tank rises to an upper level (M), the pump switched off automatically. The pump is turned on again only when the water level again falls below level in the tank, provided the level in the reservoir is above R. This automated action continues.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of to design a microcontroller based water level controller device monitors and controls the level of water in the overhead or underground tank which composes of four indicating LEDs (red, orange, blue and yellow) for lower, medium , upper and full level. If it the level of water is full, the three LED goes OFF, then if it goes below high level, yellow is ON. Now, if it goes below medium level, blue would be turned ON, and it pumps automatically. This work was built using 89c52 microcontroller.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

An Automatic Water Level Controller (AWLC) will automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level (usually kept half or 2/3rd tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full or water level in the lower tank is at below minimum level.

a. This system provides you the flexibility to decide for yourself the water levels for operations of pump set in upper/lower tanks.

b. Built in Indications for showing Full, Empty Levels in Upper Tank and Lower Tank Empty Indication.

c. Manual operation switch for special operations like watering the plants from pump set.

d. The system ensures no overflows or dry running of pump there by saves electricity and water.

e. Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.

f. Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.g. Easy to Operate: this system come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.h. Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.i. Materials of Construction: this water control system is protected the against corrosion.j. Safety: This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.k. Save roofsl. Save water

1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Water level controller is an application which detects the level water then triggers the pump and blows alarm and vice versa. They are useful devices and play an important role in various industries such as automobile, irrigation, and also at homes, or wherever water is pump either underground or overhead.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This water controller will give you a heads-up the instant over-head tank and underground tank is full or goes below the required level, hopefully giving you time to close windows and bring in possessions. The circuit draws virtually no current when the sensors are dry and the current consumption is low when the buzzer is activated. Alternately, a molded power supply with a simple voltage regulator to drop the voltage to 3 volts could be used. When the circuit is triggered, the buzzer is pulsed about once per second for a very short time.

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Sensors used are built with conductive material, which means that they are subject to rusting or corrosion. When rusting occur the sensors will stop conducting thereby causing this device will stop working