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Design And Construction Of An Arduino Based Security And Alarm System

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of an Arduino-based security and alarm system involve the meticulous integration of electronic components and programming to ensure a robust and effective solution. This innovative system utilizes Arduino, a versatile open-source microcontroller platform, to orchestrate various key functions. Employing a combination of sensors such as motion detectors, door/window switches, and infrared sensors, the system vigilantly monitors the surroundings for any unauthorized activities. The Arduino, serving as the central nervous system, processes the data from these sensors and activates a customized alarm mechanism when a breach is detected. The system’s adaptability allows users to tailor its configurations to specific security needs, making it a versatile and personalized solution for safeguarding homes or workplaces. Additionally, the system’s affordability and ease of implementation make it an accessible choice for individuals seeking an efficient yet cost-effective security solution.

The main objective of this project was to ensure a proper security to building against theft or intruder. The need for home security alarm systems nowadays is a serious demand. As the number of crimes are increasing every day, there has to be something that will keep us safe. We are all aware of the high end security systems present in the market but they are not easily available to everyone. We therefore intend to provide a solution by constructing a cost efficient electronic system that has the capability of sensing the motion of the intruders and setting off the alarm. The basic idea behind this project is that all the  bodies generate some heat energy in the form of infrared which is invisible to human eyes. But, it can  be detected by electronic motion sensor. The project involves the use of Arduino, motion sensor, buzzer, LCD display and a simple program. The sensor detect any motion in its permissible range and triggers the alarm. It will also send the signal to Arduino which processes the signal and set off the alarm along with detection message on display. With this system we can easily set up a security alarm in our home for unwanted intruders.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRCT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

  • INTRODUCTION
  • PROBLEM STATEMENT
  • AIM OF THE PROJECT
  • OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
  • PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
  • LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
  • APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
  • PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDIES

2.2     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INTRUDER ALARM

2.3     REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTRUDER SENSOR

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4       CIRCUIT PRINCIPLE

3.4      SYSTEM CIRCUIT DESIGN

3.5     COMPONENTS LIST

3.6     PROGRAM CODE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN

4.2      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.3      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.4     ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.5     TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.6     PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

4.7     COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

  • CONCLUSIONS
  • RECOMMENDATION

5.3     REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

We have designed an interesting and cheap home security alarm. This Gadget helps you to protect your house from thieves. In this project we are going to use an Arduino Uno R3 Board, P.I.R Sensor module, LCD and some other components. This Project can either powered with 9V Battery or with U.S.B of your computer.

This is a basic motion-sensing alarm that detects when someone enters the area. When an intruder is detected, it activates a siren. Our body generates heat energy in the form of infrared which is invisible to human eyes. But it can be detected by electronic sensor. This type of sensor is made up of crystalline material that is Pyroelectric. In this project, we are using P.I.R. Motion Sensor Module as an infrared sensor that generates electric charge when exposed in heat and sends a signal to Arduino. According to level of the infrared in front of sensor, Arduino displays the status on L.C.D and start buzzing speaker and glows the L.E.D.A simple program is running on Arduino which checks sensor if anything is moved or new object has been detected.

1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The need for having home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration.

The guard was also susceptible to sleep at times. It was then that home alarm system based upon electronic circuits were developed which proved to be highly reliable and were appreciated by the people as they were relieved from constant monitoring of their homes.

1.1                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

The need for having a constant home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration. This device brought solution to this need. It ensures adequate protection against intruders.

1.3                                       AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this project is to create a comfort in the minds of house owners when they out from their premises without much fear of intruder.

1.4                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

This circuit is designed to alert the user when an intruder enters into the home. If there is any obstacle in front of IR sensor, it generates an interrupt signal. This interrupt signal is given to the speaker to alert the user.

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device functions as an electronics watch dog. This device functions as a major security alarms used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders.

1.6                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

This project proposes the development of security system for form houses and residential houses.

1.7                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device functions as a major security alarms used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders . other places this device can be used are as follows:

  • Home Security Systems.
  • Prisons Security.
  • Vehicle Security.
  • Broadband alarm monitoring.
  • Glass Break.
  • Property Theft Alarm

1.8                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

  • The given alarm system determines the presence of the intruder only, and does not determine how many persons are in there
  • The alarm activates only when the person cuts through the line of the PIR sensor

1.9                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

  • The given system is handy and portable, and thus can be easily carried from one place to
  • The circuitry is not that complicated and thus can be easily
  • The given system sets off a powerful buzzer, and it is effective as any other alarm system available in the

1.10                                  PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

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Design And Construction Of An Arduino Based Security And Alarm System:

Designing and constructing an Arduino-based security and alarm system can be an exciting and rewarding project. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the process step by step, from designing the system to assembling the hardware and programming the Arduino.

1. System Design:

Before diving into the hardware and coding, it’s essential to plan out the functionalities and features of your security and alarm system. Here are some considerations:

  • Detection Method: Determine how you’ll detect intrusions or unauthorized access. This could include motion sensors, magnetic door/window switches, or even a keypad for PIN entry.
  • Alarm Mechanism: Decide on the type of alarm you’ll use to alert users of a breach. This could be a loud buzzer, flashing lights, or even sending notifications to a smartphone via Wi-Fi or GSM.
  • User Interface: Consider how users will interact with the system. Will there be an LCD display for status updates? Buttons for arming/disarming? A web interface for remote control?
  • Power Source: Determine whether the system will be battery-powered or connected to mains power.
  • Communication: Think about how the system will communicate with external devices or services, such as sending alerts via SMS or email.

2. Hardware Components:

Once you have a clear idea of the system’s requirements, gather the necessary hardware components. Here’s a basic list to get started:

  • Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano)
  • Sensors (e.g., PIR motion sensor, magnetic reed switches)
  • Alarm output (e.g., buzzer, LED)
  • Keypad (if using for PIN entry)
  • LCD display (optional, for status updates)
  • Power source (battery pack or AC adapter)
  • Connecting wires
  • Breadboard or prototyping shield

3. Circuit Assembly:

Now, it’s time to assemble the hardware components according to your system design. Here’s a general overview of the connections:

  • Connect the sensors (motion sensor, door/window switches) to digital input pins on the Arduino.
  • Connect the alarm output (buzzer, LED) to a digital output pin.
  • If using a keypad, connect it to the appropriate pins on the Arduino.
  • If using an LCD display, connect it to the Arduino following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Use jumper wires and a breadboard or prototyping shield to make the connections neat and organized. Double-check all connections to ensure they’re correct before proceeding.

4. Programming the Arduino:

With the hardware assembled, it’s time to write the code to control the security and alarm system. Here’s a basic outline of the Arduino sketch:

  • Set up pin modes for inputs (sensors, keypad) and outputs (alarm, LCD).
  • Implement the main loop to continuously monitor the sensors for any activity.
  • When an intrusion is detected, trigger the alarm and display a message on the LCD (if applicable).
  • If using a keypad, implement code to arm/disarm the system with a PIN.
  • Optionally, include code to send alerts via SMS, email, or other communication methods.

Here’s a simplified example of Arduino code for a basic security system:

arduino
// Pin Definitions
#define MOTION_SENSOR_PIN 2
#define ALARM_PIN 3

// Global Variables
bool armed = false;

void setup() {
pinMode(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(ALARM_PIN, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication for debugging
}

void loop() {
if (armed && digitalRead(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN) == HIGH) {
triggerAlarm();
}
}

void triggerAlarm() {
digitalWrite(ALARM_PIN, HIGH); // Activate the alarm
Serial.println("Intrusion detected!");
delay(5000); // Alarm duration
digitalWrite(ALARM_PIN, LOW); // Deactivate the alarm
}

// Function to arm/disarm the system (e.g., using a keypad)
void toggleArmedState() {
armed = !armed;
if (armed) {
Serial.println("System armed");
} else {
Serial.println("System disarmed");
}
}

5. Testing and Troubleshooting:

After uploading the code to your Arduino board, test the system thoroughly to ensure everything is working as expected. Test different scenarios, such as triggering the sensors, arming/disarming the system, and activating the alarm. If you encounter any issues, double-check your connections and review the code for errors.

6. Final Assembly:

Once you’ve verified that the system is functioning correctly, finalize the hardware assembly. Mount the sensors in their desired locations (e.g., near doors and windows), and secure the Arduino and other components in a suitable enclosure. Make sure all connections are secure and insulated to prevent short circuits.

Conclusion:

Designing and constructing an Arduino-based security and alarm system can be a fun and educational project. By following the steps outlined in this guide and customizing the system to meet your specific requirements, you can create a reliable and effective solution for protecting your home or workspace. Be creative, experiment with different sensors and features, and enjoy the process of building your own DIY security system!