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Design And Construction Of An Automatic Water Level Indicator Using Transistors

The design and construction of an automatic water level indicator using transistors involve the utilization of electronic components to detect and display water levels in a reservoir or tank. This system typically consists of sensors, transistors, resistors, and indicator lights. The sensors, often placed at different water levels, detect the presence of water and send signals to the transistors. These transistors act as switches, amplifying and controlling the signals to activate indicator lights or other output devices, providing a visual representation of the water level. By employing appropriate circuitry and calibration, the indicator can accurately display various water levels, facilitating efficient monitoring and management of water resources. Additionally, integrating features such as alarms or automatic pump controls enhances the functionality and practicality of the system, making it suitable for a range of applications including residential, commercial, and industrial settings.

ABSTRACT

This project is titled the design and construction of a water level sensor system. It is designed to indicate the level of water to over-head tank.

This device is unique because this water level indicator circuit also has an alarm feature. It not only indicates the amount of water present in the overhead tank but also gives an alarm when the tank is full.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 AIM OF THE PROJECT

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1.5 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1.6 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

1.7 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SENSOR

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTIONS

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION OF THE WATER INDICATOR

3.4 COMPONENTS USED

3.5 THE WORKING PRINCIPLE

3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.6 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.7 SPECIFICATION AND OPERATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING

4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTION

4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 CONCLUSION

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

5.0 INTRODUCTION

Water level indicator is widely used in many industries and houses. People generally worry about the wastage of water, when the switch ON the motor and forget to OFF them. An Water Level Indicator may be defined as a system by which we can get the information of any water reservoir .Water level indicator system are quite useful to reduce the wastage of water from any reservoir, while filling such reservoir. But for domestic purpose we cannot go for the instruments which use radar or ultrasonic principle that costs high. Water tank overflow is a common problem which leads to the wastage of water. In this project I am using the transistor based water level indicator circuit is very useful to indicate the water levels in a tank. Whenever tank gets filled, we get alerts on particular levels. The LEDs is generally used for indicate the water levels. If the water level is full, then the circuits beeps through the buzzer notifying that the water level is full.

1.1 AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is build a water level alarm using simple transistors.

PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of the project is to control the Over flow problems of water, to prevent waste of energy, To prevent waste of water and to reduce the attention of the user

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

To institutionalize social regulations level that govern the allocation, use and management of water for the different purposes.
To achieve equitable and sustainable access to groundwater to all farmers through sharing of resources and socially regulated demand management of the resource.
To achieve equitable and secure access to water for drinking, sanitation and domestic needs at affordable costs for all households or company within the project area and project period.
To construct an electronic device that can automatically detect water level (high and low) with high precision.
To control the supply of water.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The water level circuit is a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the level of water in the overhead tank and also in the other containers. Nowadays, all the householders/owners are storing the water in overhead tanks by using the pumps. When the water is stored in the tank, no one can identify the level of water and also, no one can know when the water tank will fill. Hence there is an overflow of water in the tank, thus there is a wastage of energy and water. To resolve this type of problems by using the water level alarm circuit using transistor helps and indicated the level of water in the overhead tanks

1.4 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.
Easy to Operate: this system come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.
Materials of Construction: this water indicator system is protected the against corrosion.
Safety : This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.
Save roofs
Save water
Save electricity

1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device is used in the following:

overhead water tanks,
swimming pool boilers,

chemical plants,

Science fair
Home
Technical college

Hotels
Drainage

Industry or factory
Role mode of water level indicator
Fuel level indicate in vehicle

electrical substations and also in other liquid storage systems.

1.6 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

The only problem discovered in this work on the probes. Sensor probes will likely rust at a fast rate, while high mineral content in the water will likely plate to the probes enforcing failure or Causing inaccurate readings.

1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, application, objective, problem of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references