Design And Construction Of An Electrical Charcoal And Gas Oven
The design and construction of an electrical charcoal and gas oven entail a meticulous fusion of innovative engineering and culinary expertise. This culinary appliance represents a convergence of energy sources, harnessing the efficiency of electricity, the smoky flavor of charcoal, and the precision of gas. Integrating these elements requires a sophisticated balance, ensuring optimal performance in both baking and grilling. The electrical component provides rapid heating for baking, while the charcoal aspect infuses a distinctive smokiness to grilled dishes. The gas feature contributes to temperature control, allowing culinary enthusiasts to fine-tune their cooking experience. This hybrid oven, born from the fusion of these energy sources, not only caters to diverse cooking preferences but also stands as a testament to the seamless integration of technological innovation and culinary tradition, offering a versatile cooking apparatus for modern kitchens.
The aim of this project is to design and construct a portable combine Charcoal, Electric and Gas baking oven with a temperature regulator/sensor. The major reason for undertaken this project is to design and construct a portable combine oven with three mode of heating, and also to improve the performance of already existing ovens that have been crippled by lack of constant gas and power supply.
This study deals with the design, construction and performance evaluation of a charcoal, electric and gas oven. The components of the oven includes the oven cabinet, insulated wall, control box, electric heater, charcoal/gas burner unit, heating elements, electrical accessories and 1.5mm thick mild steel plate used for the design of the outer and inner cabinet of the oven.
In this work, test was carried out which shows the amount of heat supply by the three energy source at a specified period of time. The results obtained shows that gas produces greater amount of heat supply for a given time range of 22mins when compared to the other sources of energy. The heat transferred through the walls of the oven is 11.48Joules, and the number of loaves of bread that can baked in a given period of time at a constant temperature of 1450C.
CONTENT
PAGE
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF SYMBOLS
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 2
AIM AND OBJECTIVES 2
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 3
SCOPE AND LIMITATION 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 HISTORY 4
2.2 ESSENTIAL DESIGN PARTS 6
2.3 A REVIEW OF BREAD MAKING 7
2.3.1 THE INDUSTRIAL BREAD 7
2.3.2 INGREDIENTS 10
2.4 GAS OPERATED OVEN 11
2.4.1 MODE OF OPERATION 14
2.5 ELECTRIC POWER OVEN 15
2.5.1 MODE OF OPERATION 17
2.6 CHARCOAL OPERATED OVEN 17
2.6.1 MODE OF OPERATION 19
2.7 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW 20
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 DESIGN CONCEPT AND OPERATING PRINCIPLES 21
3.1.1 CONCEPT 21
3.1.2 LEGEND 22
3.1.3 OPERATING PRINCIPLES 22
3.2 LIST OF COMPONENT 22
3.3 THE MACHINE SPECIFICATION 23
3.4 MATERIAL SELECTION 24
3.5 DESIGN THEORY 25
3.6 OVEN CHAMBER DESIGN 25
3.7 ELECTRICAL ENERGY 28
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 BILL OF QUANTITY 30
4.2 PROJECT COSTING (PC) 31
4.2.1 MATERIAL COST 31
LABOUR COST 32
OVERHEAD COST: (OC) 32
4.3 OVEN CONSTRUCTION 33
4.3.1 TOOLS AND MATERIALS USED 33
4.4 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE 34
4.4.1 MEASURING AND MARKING OUT 34
4.5 ASSEMBLY OF OTHER COMPONENTS 35
4.6 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 45
4.6.1 TESTING 35
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION 43
5.2 RECOMMENDATION 43
REFERENCES 44
APPENDICES 46
INTRODUCTION
1.6 Background of the Study
In recognition of the fact that the country has been economically and technological under developed and has been economically dependent on the first world countries for survival and in an effort to proffer solution to these challenges, the Structural Adjustment Programme(SAP) was introduced by the Babangida administration in 1986. This place embargo on the importation of some goods as a means of inspiring our people to develop indigenous technology. On the part of our engineers and technologists, the need for our technological emancipation was brought to sharp focus and thus this fuel the zeal to bring about the much needed technological breakthrough.
It has been realized that no country of the world, most especially the advance countries of the world, are oblige to transfer their technology. This leads to technology dependency on these nations from time to time, when the need arises.
It is important therefore to point out, based on the realization of the above fact, significant achievement have been made in the technological field and the wide gap existing thereof has been greatly bridge. Engineers and Technologists have been able to put all their efforts mentally into research and engineering designs which facilitate productivity.
These underlying facts, have acted as an impetus towards the design and construction of a Charcoal, Electric and Gas baking oven with a temperature regulator. The fabrication of the baking oven makes use of available local materials.
One of the major developmental goals of a nation is to ensure that her inhabitants enjoy a good standard of living at relatively low and affordable cost. Undoubtedly, this goes a long way in creating a buoyant and vibrant economy. To achieve this entails embarking on the manufacture of products of good quality that satisfies basic home needs.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The preservation of perishable commodities particularly food stuffs is one of the common use of an oven. The other uses are to effect heating, drying and baking of consumable materials. In order to serve the above function and meet the service needs of catering, schools, resort centers and the domestic home front, it becomes imperative more than ever before to design and fabricate a compact, functional and easy to maintain baking oven.
1.3 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this project is to design and construct a portable combine Charcoal, Electric and Gas baking oven with temperature regulator/ sensor. To achieve the aim of the project, the following objectives were employed:
1. To design and construct a portable combine charcoal, electric and gas baking oven with temperature regulator/sensor.
2. To design and construct an oven that could enhance the working conditions of the bakery staff that were previously exposed to dangerous smoke and intense heat emission from the existing baking oven.
3. To design and construct an oven that could improve on existing baking oven.
4. To design and construct an oven that could reduce the baking time and better quality.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The importance attached to the design/fabrication of a combine electric, charcoal and gas baking oven is to accomplish a fast heating and drying system without burning the bake food.
The design and construction of this baking oven affords the end – user, the use of alternative energy sources to bake various forms of confectioneries.
Lastly, the oven offers some unique features such as portability, ease of maintenance and reduced cost of purchased when compared with an imported oven.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
There are various types of oven dryer which are:
i) Industrial oven dryer
ii) Solar oven dryer
iii) Domestic oven dryer
The design scope of this heating and drying system is specifically for domestic use or application as well for petty – commercial purposes.
The limitation of the design of the equipment is based on its specification in terms of temperature, capacity and areas of need to this end, the equipment is not suitable for industrial used where a bigger volume of oven dryer with large specification are ideal.
Design And Construction Of An Electrical Charcoal And Gas Oven:
Designing and constructing an electrical charcoal and gas oven can be a complex task that requires a good understanding of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and safety standards. Here, I’ll provide a high-level overview of the process and components involved. Please note that this is a simplified outline, and you should consult with a professional engineer and adhere to local safety and building codes when undertaking such a project.
Design Considerations:
- Purpose and Capacity: Determine the purpose of your oven (e.g., baking, grilling, roasting) and the desired capacity (small home oven or industrial-scale).
- Energy Sources: Decide if you want a combination of electrical and gas or if you want to switch between the two. Ensure you have the necessary gas and electrical connections.
- Safety: Safety should be a top priority. Implement safety features like overheat protection, gas leak detectors, and adequate ventilation.
- Materials: Choose appropriate materials for the oven’s structure and interior. For example, stainless steel is a common choice due to its durability and resistance to corrosion.
- Insulation: Good insulation is essential to maintain consistent temperatures and reduce energy consumption.
Construction Steps:
- Design the Oven: Create detailed design plans that include the oven’s dimensions, materials, and safety features. Consider the placement of heating elements, gas burners, and ventilation.
- Frame Construction: Build the frame of the oven using steel or other suitable materials. Ensure it is sturdy and can support the weight of the oven components.
- Insulation: Install high-quality insulation around the oven’s interior to improve efficiency and temperature control. Common insulation materials include ceramic fiber and mineral wool.
- Heating Elements: If it’s an electrical oven, install heating elements according to your design. These elements should evenly distribute heat throughout the cooking chamber.
- Gas Burners: If it’s a gas oven, install gas burners with appropriate controls and safety features. Ensure gas lines are properly installed and leak-free.
- Controls: Install a control panel that allows you to set and monitor temperature, timers, and other relevant parameters. Safety interlocks should be integrated to prevent accidents.
- Ventilation: Implement a ventilation system with exhaust fans and ducting to remove smoke and fumes. Install carbon monoxide detectors for safety.
- Exterior Finishing: Finish the exterior of the oven with an appropriate material, such as stainless steel or heat-resistant paint.
- Testing and Calibration: Test the oven to ensure it reaches and maintains the desired temperatures accurately. Calibrate the controls as necessary.
- Safety Inspection: Before use, have the oven inspected by a qualified professional to ensure it complies with local safety and building codes.
- User Manual: Create a user manual that provides clear instructions on how to operate and maintain the oven safely.
- Maintenance Plan: Develop a maintenance plan to ensure the oven remains safe and functional over time. Regularly check for wear and tear, gas leaks, and electrical issues.
Remember that designing and constructing such an appliance involves potential safety hazards, so it’s crucial to consult with professionals, obtain necessary permits, and follow all applicable regulations and safety standards throughout the process. This outline serves as a starting point, but the specifics will depend on your unique requirements and local regulations.