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Design And Construction Of An Rf Based Home Automation System

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of an RF-based home automation system involve the integration of wireless technology to enable remote control and monitoring of various household devices and systems. Leveraging radio frequency (RF) communication protocols, such as Zigbee or Wi-Fi, the system facilitates seamless interaction between users and home appliances. Through a central hub or controller, users can remotely manage functions like lighting, HVAC systems, security cameras, and entertainment systems using a smartphone or other internet-enabled devices. The system’s architecture encompasses sensor nodes strategically placed throughout the home to collect data and relay commands, ensuring efficient operation and energy conservation. Implementation involves meticulous planning of sensor placement, RF signal strength optimization, and encryption protocols to ensure data security and reliability. By harnessing RF technology, this home automation system offers convenience, energy efficiency, and enhanced safety, catering to the modern demands of smart living while promoting sustainability and comfort.

ABSTRACT

This device is design to monitor and control electrical devices remotely using fm transmitter circuit. The transmitter circuit provides the communication mechanism between the user and the system by means of RF signal.

User can control multiple electrical devices by transmitting via the transmitter circuit system. These transmission commands are receive by the receiver, If the signal received is valid then it takes the necessary action to control the said devices.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
PROBLEM AND ASSUMPTION OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 HISTORITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

2.2 REVIEW OF PARTS OF RADIO TRANSMITTER

2.3 REVIEW OF FM BROADCAST BANDS

2.4 MODULATION AND DEMODULATION

2.5 PRE-EMPHASIS AND DE-EMPHASIS

2.6 REVIEW OF MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.4 CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

3.5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.6 CODE DESCRIPTION
3.7 DESCRITION OF LCD DISPLAY

3.8 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.9 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.10 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS

4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.4 PACKAGING

4.5 MOUNTING PROCEDURE

4.6 TESTING

4.6.1 Pre-implementation test

4.6.2 Post-implementation testing

4.7 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.8 COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONS

5.2 REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

With the increase in consumption of energy and population, there is a grave need to conserve energy in each way possible. The inability to access and control the appliances from remote locations is one of the major reasons for energy loss. This system can make use of a host of communication methods such as Wi-Fi, GSM, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Radio Frequency. Different controlling appliance and configurations can be found in existing systems. Such systems have been found already in many places for a wide variety of applications [Murthy, M. V. R. 2008].

The home automation systems provide mutual interoperability among various electronic, electrical, and power appliance as well as interactive interface for people to control their operation. These features are very helpful to optimize and to economize energy consumption whereby saved energy during some few years could make more money than home automation systems implementation cost. These technologies make peoples’ life also easier, especially for elderly persons and persons with disabilities. These systems exist of course, but there are many non-interoperable, expensive, and often wired systems. Wiring complicates implementation of the home automation in buildings which are already built, especially in historical ones [Jawarkar, N. P., Ahmed, V., Ladhake, S. A. & Thakare, R. D. 2008].

The goal of this project is to develop a secure Home Automation System that will allow consumer to remotely operate electric home appliances, e.g. turning on/off lights, in the user’s home.

The consumer interacts with the Home Automation System through an transmitter. This will provide a consumer-friendly interface for the consumer to access and interact with the electric appliance in the home.

Home automation also known as domestics refers to the automatic and electronic control of household features, activity, and appliances. Various control systems are utilized in this residential extension of building automation. Some components of an automated home may include the centralized control of security locks on doors and gates, appliances, windows, lighting, surveillance cameras and HVAC systems heating, ventilation and air conditioning [Jawarkar, N. P., Ahmed, V., Ladhake, S. A. & Thakare, R. D. 2008].

This paper presents design and construction of a radio frequency based electrical appliances controlling system using fm radio signal.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Presently, conventional wall switches located in different parts of the house makes it difficult for the user to go near them to operate. Even more it becomes more difficult for the elderly or physically handicapped people to do so. Fm controlled home automation system provides a simpler solution with radio frequency technology.

By operating the specified remote switch on the transmitter, the loads can be turned ON/OFF remotely through rf technology.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main object of this project is to develop a home automation system using RF (Radio Frequency) technology.

1.4 PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT

The main purpose of this project is to develop a home automation system with fm transmitter and receiver. As technology is advancing so houses are also getting smarter. Modern houses are gradually shifting from conventional switches to centralized control system, involving wireless controlled switches.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This device allows for a user to remotely control and monitor multiple home appliances using a remote. This system will be a powerful and flexible tool that will offer this service at any time, and from anywhere with the constraints of the technologies being applied. Possible target appliances include (but are not limited to) climate control systems, security systems, and lights; anything with an electrical interface using frequency modulation signal.

1.6 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT

The control system will include two separate units: the transmitter, and the receiver unit. There will therefore be two operating environments. When operating the system the user will make sure that there is no obstacle in between the transmitter and the receiver.

1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The following is a list of limitations for the project.

i. The receiver must reside in a location where the transmitter can receive the signal.

ii. Only devices with electrical controlling input ports will be possible targets for control.

iii. The receiver must have a power source (220vac) attached at all times.

1.8 BENEFITS OF HOME AUTOMATION

One of the greatest advantages of home automation systems is that consumer can protect against break-ins and fires, while enjoying automations for lights, temperature, and more. The automation of features in one’s home helps to promote security, comfort, energy efficiency, and convenience. Another benefit of home automation systems is the amount of labor, time, energy and materials that is saved [Murthy, M. V. R. 2008].

Home automation systems are becoming more and more affordable. Not only are prices decreasing, but operating systems are also become less complex so that consumer can readily master all the controls associated with their safety and security appliance. Home automation commands can now be given through smartphones, tablets and televisions [Murthy, M. V. R. 2008].

Whether you have a large family or are a household of one, home automation is an attainable solution to your safety and security concerns. After the professional installation of a home automation system, you can begin to enjoy the benefits of leaving or returning to a safer and smarter home [Murthy, M. V. R. 2008].

1.9 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This project can be used in Industries; This system can be employed in houses, where people often forget to switch off electrical appliances. This system can be used to control AC’s to set the room temperature when we are outside. This work is aimed toward average consumers who wish to control household appliances remotely provided that the appliances are electrically controllable [Potamitis .I, 2003]. Example of feasible appliances and applications under consideration include; enable/disable security systems, fans, lights, kitchen appliances, etc.

This system can be used in industrial applications. This system can be employed in houses, where people often forget to switch off electrical appliances. This system can be used to control AC’s to set the room temperature when we are outside.

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Fm based Home Appliance Control technology can be used to turn on / off the devices and various appliances in our home. It can prove very useful for disabled people. This project can also be used in shop, offices, industry.

It helps elderly people to control switches from anywhere up to 75 feet. This four button key fob transmitter is also very productive for commercial uses in Industrial and medical systems. Remote controlled home automation system provides a simpler solution with RF technology.

In order to achieve this, a fm transmitter sends ON/OFF commands to the receiver where loads are connected. By operating the specified remote switch on the transmitter, the loads can be turned ON/OFF remotely through fm technology.

1.9 METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
Draw a block diagram.

Test for continuity of components and devices,

Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
Studying of various component used in circuit.
Construction of the circuit was carried out.

Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.10 PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.