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Design And Construction Of Arduino Based Automatic Irrigation System With SMS Alert

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

An Arduino-based automatic irrigation system with SMS alert integrates hardware and software components to efficiently manage plant watering processes. Combining Arduino microcontrollers, sensors, actuators, and GSM modules, this system operates by monitoring soil moisture levels and activating irrigation when necessary. Sensors detect moisture content, triggering the Arduino to control water flow to plants through solenoid valves or pumps. Additionally, it incorporates a GSM module to send SMS alerts to users, providing real-time updates on irrigation status and potential system issues. By leveraging Arduino’s flexibility and scalability, this solution optimizes water usage, enhances plant health, and facilitates remote monitoring and control, fostering sustainable and efficient agricultural practices.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a novel approach towards effective irrigation system. The prepared system comprised of an Arduino, moisture sensor, submersible water pump, and relay mechanism. The moisture sensor sense the condition of dryness of soil at two different places on the field feed the signal to Arduino system will take the inputs from both the sensors and based on that it will decide how much water should be supplied. This system will continue to take the inputs from the sensors until there is sufficient amount of moisture in the soil and then it will automatically turn the pump off. This irrigation system will reduce the hardship of farmers, save the time and enhance accuracy and effectiveness in relatively minimal cost. In this system, water pump gets automatically off when system finds enough moisture in the soil. Whenever system switched ON or OFF the pump, a message is sent to the user via GSM module, updating the status of water pump and soil moisture. This system is very useful in Farms, gardens, home etc. This system is completely automated and there is no need for any human intervention.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

DEFINITION OF TERMS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

PROBLEM STATEMENT
AIM OF THE STUDY
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
METHODOLOGY
PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF IRRIGATION
IMPACT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON SOCIETY

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

BLOCK DIAGRAM
SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
SYSTEM WORKING
CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
SYSTEM PROGRAM CODE

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
CASING AND PACKAGING
ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Water Withdrawal– The volume of freshwater abstraction from surface or groundwater for an intended purpose. Withdrawal is directly measurable as the quantity of water withdrawn from the source for a particular activity over a specific period of time.
Water Consumption– The volume of withdrawn water that is evaporated or transpired for an intended purpose.
Drip Irrigation– Drip irrigation is sometimes called trickle irrigation and involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates (2-20 litres/hour) from a system of small diameter plastic pipes fitted with
outlets called emitters or drippers. Water is applied close to plants so that only part of the soil in which the roots grow is wetted (Figure 60), unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation, which involves wetting the whole soil profile. With drip irrigation water, applications are more frequent (usually every 1-3 days) than with other methods and this provides a very favourable high moisture level in the soil in which plants can flourish.[1]
Flood Irrigation– A group of application techniques involving distribution of water in a field by the gravity flow of water over the soil surface. The soil acts as the medium in which the water is stored and the conveyance medium over which water flows as it spreads and infiltrates. Flood irrigation is characterized by uncontrolled distribution of water.
Crop Yield– Weight of economically valuable crop that is harvested per unit of harvested area.
Baseline Activity– Adoption of traditional irrigation practices that are relatively inefficient with water use. Traditional irrigation methods such as flood irrigation typically use gravity to disperse water across the field.
Project Activity– Implementation of irrigation practices that promote higher irrigation efficiency, thereby reducing water withdrawal volume.
Sprinkler Irrigation– A method of applying irrigation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops before falling to the ground. The pump supply system, sprinklers and operating conditions are typically designed to enable a uniform application of water.[2]
Basin Hydrological Flow– The characteristic behaviour and total quantity of water involved in a drainage basin. This is determined by measuring such quantities as rainfall, surface and subsurface storage and flow, and evapotranspiration and the impact of project interventions on these factors.
Return Flow– Quantities of water that are returned to the sources from which they were withdrawn to be made available for other purposes or users (e.g. downstream farmers or wildlife). This could include unused water withdrawn for agricultural purposes that is returned to surface water sources or recharges groundwater aquifers.
Blue water footprint– Volume of surface and groundwater consumed as a result of the production of a good or service. Consumption refers to the volume of freshwater used and then evaporated/transpired or incorporated into a product. It also includes water abstracted from surface or groundwater in a catchment and returned to another catchment or the sea. It is the amount of water abstracted from groundwater or surface water that does not return to the catchment from which it was withdrawn.[3]
Green water footprint– Volume of rainwater consumed during the production process. This refers to the total rainwater evapotranspiration (from fields and plantations) plus the water incorporated into the harvested crop.[4]