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Design And Construction Of Arduino Based Traffic Lights System With Vehicle Counter

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Physics

The design and construction of an Arduino-based traffic lights system with a vehicle counter represent a sophisticated intersection control mechanism that leverages the capabilities of the Arduino microcontroller. This intelligent system integrates seamlessly with existing traffic infrastructures, employing a combination of sensors and programmed algorithms to manage traffic flow efficiently. The Arduino microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, orchestrating the synchronized operation of the traffic lights based on real-time data from vehicle detection sensors. The system’s robust architecture ensures a dynamic response to varying traffic conditions, enhancing overall traffic management. The incorporation of a vehicle counter adds an extra layer of functionality, enabling the system to collect and analyze traffic data for further optimization. This innovative solution aligns with the contemporary demand for smart urban infrastructure, addressing traffic congestion challenges through its adaptive and responsive design.

This project work is on design and construction of a traffic lighting system with vehicle counter. This device was designed to replace a manual traffic control and vehicle method. The device is a portable traffic light unit which can be best utilized in controlling traffic flow in a high way. The automated portable traffic light system can reduce direct costs in man power utilization and increase safety for the road users. This system is applicable for public and privately funded road construction projects that require overnight or 24-hour traffic control as well as in different weather conditions.

The purpose of this project work is to design and construction a traffic light device that can be used to control the flow of traffic at road intersection and also used to counter the number of vehicle that passes on the high way.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

PROBLEM STATEMENT
AIM OF THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
METHODOLOGY
PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
HISTORITICAL BACKGROUND OF TRAFFIC LIGHT
REVIEW OF RELATED WORK
TRAFFIC LIGHT MOUNTING

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3 CODE

3.5 CIRCUIT DESIGN

3.6 WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

3.7 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER FOUR

TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
CASING AND PACKAGING
ASSEMBLING SECTION
PACKAGING
MOUNTING PROCEDURE
TESTING
RESULT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Traffic lights, developed since 1912, are signaling devices that are conceived to control the traffic flows at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, rail trains, and other locations. Traffic lights consist of three universal colored lights: the green light allows traffic to proceed in the indicated direction, the yellow light warns vehicles to prepare for short stop, and the red signal prohibits any traffic from proceeding according to Gordon M. (1971)

Nowadays, many countries suffer from the traffic congestion problems that affect the transportation system in cities and cause serious dilemma. In spite of replacing traffic officers and flagmen by automatic traffic systems, the optimization of the heavy traffic jam is still a major issue to be faced, especially with multiple junction nodes [Moyer, Sheldon, 1947]. The rapid increase of the number of automobiles and the constantly rising number of road users are not accompanied with promoted infrastructures with sufficient resources. Partial solutions were offered by constructing new roads, implementing flyovers and bypass roads, creating rings, and performing roads rehabilitation.

However, the traffic problem is very complicated due to the involvement of diverse parameters. First, the traffic flow depends on the time of the day where the traffic peak hours are generally in the morning and in the afternoon; on the days of the week where weekends reveal minimum load while

Mondays and Fridays generally show dense traffic oriented from cities to their outskirts and in reverse direction respectively; and time of the year as holidays and summer.

Secondly, the current traffic light system is implemented with hard coded delays where the lights transition time slots are fixed regularly and do not depend on real time traffic flow. The third point is concerned with the state of one light at an intersection that influences the flow of traffic at adjacent intersections. Also, the conventional traffic system does not consider the case of accidents, road works, and breakdown cars that worsen traffic congestion. In addition, a crucial issue is related to the smooth motion through intersections of emergency vehicles of higher priorities such as ambulances, rescue vehicles, fire brigade, police, and VIP persons that could get stuck in the crowd. Finally, the pedestrians that cross the lanes also alter the traffic system.

The conventional traffic system needs to be upgraded to solve the severe traffic congestion, alleviate transportation troubles, reduce traffic volume and waiting time, minimize overall travel time, optimize cars safety and efficiency, and expand the benefits in health, economic, and environmental sectors. This paper proposes a simple, low-cost, and real time smart traffic light control system that aims to overcome many defects and improve the traffic management.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Manual or traditional controlling of traffic flow and taking the count of vehicles passing on the way by the appointed personnel is time consuming and it involves much labour. This design replaces the manually used agent which is the traffic warden positioned at different traffic junctions which at the end improves traffic flow, saves labour and cost.

1.3 AIM OF THE PROJECT

This system aims to decrease the rate of traffic congestion and to determine the number of vehicles that passes on each lane of the traffic using arduino as the heart of the circuit.

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main objective of the study includes:

To investigate the practicality of the theoretical knowledge about these components to be used.
To experiment on the compatibility of the working relation between components to be used.
To investigate the extent to which the design and construction of the control unit can be useful to mankind.
To determine the number of vehicles that passes on the way

To investigate the immediate usefulness of the control system as complimentary to traffic wardens.

1.5 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Thus with the aid of this circuit, rood accidents and traffic jam or hold up are highly minimized. When properly timed, a traffic signal increases the traffic handling capacity of an intersection, and when installed under conditions that justify its use, a signal is a valuable device for improving the safety and efficiency of both pedestrian and vehicular traffic. In particular, signals may reduce certain types of accidents, most notably, right-angle (broadside) collisions.

1.6 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The primary purpose of the traffic light is to attain the safest and most efficient overall traffic flow possible.

1.7 METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
Draw a block diagram.

Test for continuity of components and devices,

Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
Studying of various component used in circuit.
Construction of the circuit was carried out.

Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.