Design And Construction Of Dark Activated Switch For Street Light

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The idea behind the design of this system is to make available the require illumination in our roads for nighttime events, security, and beautification. This goes a long way in helping to curb the problem frequently encountered as a result of darkness during nighttime such as thieves, arm robbers operations or wide animals approaching our homes during night hours.
A street lighting is any electrical lighting that is fixed outside house for the illumination of such environment or a Street light is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or walkway, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night.
Many of the people have a phobia of darkness, so to assist them in such situation, we have explained a simple circuit. It will automatically turn on street light in the way of LEDs or bulb coupled with relay. This system employed the output from an uncomplicated light/dark activated circuit and oblige a relay in its output which can be further attached to switch ON/OFF a street light and electrical application in a household also.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Lack of natural light during nighttime in the urban environment was always a problem due to natural law – light in the day and darkness at night. From basic inconvenience that people cannot see where they are going to the greater chance of being attacked or mugged during the night. This street light came to bring solution to this problem, street light electrifies our environment for easy and clear access and also add beauty to it. This device replaces the street light switching, it solve the problem that is involve in moving about locking for a switch. It also solves the problem of inaccurate switching of the streetlight in dark time and morning.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Major significance of street lighting includes: prevention of accidents and increase in safety. Studies have shown that darkness results in a large number of crashes and fatalities, especially those involving pedestrians; pedestrian fatalities are 3 to 6.75 times more likely in the dark than in daylight. Street lighting has been found to reduce pedestrian crashes by approximately 50%.
Furthermore, lighted intersections and highway interchanges tend to have fewer crashes than unlighted intersections and interchanges.
Towns, cities, and villages use the unique locations provided by lampposts to hang decorative or commemorative banners.

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of having street lighting at roads is for lighting up your road – for beautification, safety and security.

• By using this Automatic system for street light controlling, we can reduce energy consumption because the manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before sunset.
• In sunny and rainy days, ON and OFF time differ noticeably which is one of the major disadvantage of using timer circuits or manual operation for switching the street light system….Chapter one continues