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Design And Construction Of Motion Detector Intruder Alarm System Using 555 Timers And PIR Sensor

Electrical Electronics Engineering | Industrial Physics | Engineering

The design and construction of a motion detector intruder alarm system utilizing 555 timers and PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors involves integrating electronic components to create a reliable security apparatus. This system operates by detecting changes in infrared radiation within its field of view, triggered by the movement of an intruder. The 555 timer ICs are configured to generate a pulse signal when motion is sensed, which then activates an alarm circuit. The PIR sensor serves as the primary input device, detecting heat signatures and converting them into electrical signals. These signals are processed by the 555 timer circuitry, initiating the alarm sequence when motion is detected. Additionally, the system can be enhanced with features like adjustable sensitivity and delay settings to tailor its response to different environments and requirements. Through meticulous design and construction, this motion detector intruder alarm system offers robust security functionality, effectively safeguarding premises against unauthorized access and intrusions while providing flexibility and customization options for diverse applications.

DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my — for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor — for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my — and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor Mr. — for his kindness in supervising this project. My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. —, and Dr. —. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of — among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. — and the —. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister —, my lovely friends mercy —, —, — and many others who were quite helpful.

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this project was to ensure a proper security to building against theft or intruder. The circuit uses 555 timers IC which was wired as a timing circuit, amplifier to obtain a maximum audible sound. The 555 timer times the circuits and also generates a tone and this tone is send to transistor which amplifies the tone generated through a loud speaker or buzzer and a PIR sensor that detects the presence of intruder.

This device functions as a major security alarms used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders .

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
PROBLEM STATEMENT
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY

2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INTRUDER ALARM

2.3 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTRUDER SENSOR

2.4 REVIEW OF PIR SENSORS AND ITS APPLICATION

2.5 RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATION

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5 COMPONENTS LIST

3.6 WORKING PRICIPLE

3.7 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3 CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING

4.4 TESTING

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATION

5.3 REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The need for having home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration.

The guard was also susceptible to sleep at times. It was then that home alarm system based upon electronic circuits were developed which proved to be highly reliable and were appreciated by the people as they were relieved from constant monitoring of their homes.

This intruder alarm system uses 555 timer IC which was wired as a timing circuit, as tone generator and amplifier to obtain a maximum audible sound and motion sensor (PIR sensor) which generates an interrupt signal when object is detected.

The motion detector will detect the motion of the people or objects and give the appropriate output according to the circuit. In general, motion detector uses different types of sensors like Passive infrared sensor (which will detect the motion of the person using the person body heat), microwave sensor (Microwave sensor will detect the motion of person by measuring the change in frequency from the produced beam), ultrasonic sensor (It produces acoustic signals which will detect the motion of a person) [ Trimmer, 1981].

The 555 timer times the circuits and also generates a tone and this tone is send to transistor which amplifies the tone generated through a loud speaker or buzzer.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The need for having home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration.

The guard was also susceptible to sleep at times. It was then that home alarm system based upon electronic circuits were developed which proved to be highly reliable and were appreciated by the people as they were relieved from constant monitoring of their homes.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The need for having a constant home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration. This device brought solution to this need. It ensures adequate protection against intruders.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this project is to create a comfort in the minds of house owners when they out from their premises without much fear of intruder. This circuit is designed to alert the user when an intruder enters into the home. If there is any obstacle in front of PIR sensor, it generates an interrupt signal. This interrupt signal is given to the speaker to alert the user.

The objectives of the study are:

To ensure adequate security in our premises.
To detect the presence of an object in a restricted area

To set up a monostable circuit.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device functions as an electronics watch dog. This device functions as a major security alarms used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders.

1.6 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

This project proposes the development of security system for form houses and residential houses.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

In an extremely mechanized word such as today’s it is necessary to make our life better, convertible and economical. This is the purpose for which the Electronic house is developed. The main part of the circuit is 555 timer and PIR sensor: A PIR or Passive Infra-red Sensor, as the name indicates, doesn’t emit infrared rays but only detects them.

1.8 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device is used in the following places as:

schools
Home Security Systems.
Prisons Security.
Vehicle Security.
Broadband alarm monitoring.
Glass Break.
Property Theft Alarm

1.9 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Motion based intruder alarm have some problem according to Cerruti, (2015):

it has a limited distance to detect the motion
It cannot detect the other objects apart from human being such as animals.

1.10 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Format = Microsoft word

Chapters = 1-5 chapters

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