Refurbishing Of A Fixed And Fluidized Bed
Refurbishing a fixed and fluidized bed involves a comprehensive overhaul aimed at enhancing efficiency, durability, and performance of these vital industrial apparatuses. This process encompasses various tasks, including but not limited to, replacing worn-out components, upgrading instrumentation and control systems, optimizing particle size distribution, and implementing advanced materials to mitigate erosion and corrosion. Additionally, refurbishment may involve redesigning the bed geometry to improve mass and heat transfer characteristics, as well as integrating innovative technologies such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to optimize bed operation. Through meticulous refurbishment, fixed and fluidized beds can be rejuvenated to operate at peak efficiency, ensuring optimal utilization of resources while meeting stringent performance requirements in diverse applications ranging from catalytic reactions in petrochemical refineries to biomass gasification in renewable energy production.
The repair of the fixed bed adsorption column, a product of arm field technical company was carried out for the purpose of bringing the faulty equipment back to its normal operating system.
Before this exercise, the equipment was out of operation because of the completely blocked base of the fixed bed column (water column) and the malfunctioning of the air control value.
The sintered bronze plate which formed the base of the water column was cleaned up and freed from debris which originally blocked the porosity of the plate to an unacceptably level. To do this, the plate was soaked in a diluted acetic acid and a current of air used to free the tiny openings from blockage. Later, the air control valve where properly reactivated, rectified and recalibrated.
At the end the operation of the equipment came back to normal functioning. The entire equipment was cleaned up and lubricated.
The fluidized bed was run and found to be in good order.
Title page
Letter of transmittal
Acknowledgement
Dedication
Abstract
Table of content
1.0 CHAPTER ONE –
INTRODUCTION
2.0 CHAPTER TWO –
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Absorption
2.2 Types of Absorption
2.2.1 Physical Absorption
2.2.2 Chemical Absorption
2.3 Absorbents
2.4 Desorption
2.4.1 Desorption Methods
2.5 Desorption Operation
2.5.1 Stagewise Operation
2.5.2 Continuous Contact
2.6 Analysis of Fixed – Bed Adsorption
2.7 Adsorption of Solute from Dilute Solution
2.8 The Process of Welding
2.8.1 Oxy-Acetylene Welding
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 REFURBISHING PROCEDURE
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 OPERATION OF THE EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Recommendation
INTRODUCTION
Adsorption is a process in which a substance becomes attached to the surface of a solid or liquid. The substances adsorbed at a solid or liquid. The substances adsorbed at a solid surface may be gases, liquids or other solids (from solution). The amount of material adsorbed by a given mass of adsorbent when the solid is porous of finely divided is large. This confirms the theory that adsorption is a surface phenomena, since the surface area exposed is much greater when the particles are smaller.
The adsorption operations exploit the ability of certain solids preferentially to concentrate specific substances from solution into their surface. In this manner, the components of either gaseous or solid solutions can be separated from each order.
In the field of gaseous separation, adsorption is used to dehumidify air and other gases, to remove objectionable odours and impurities from industrial gases such as carbon dioxide to recover valuable solvents vapours from dilute mixture with air and other gases, and to fractionate mixtures of hydrocarbon gases containing such substances as methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene and propane.
Adsorption from liquid phase is used to remove moisture dissolved in gasoline, decolourisation of petroleum products and aqueous sugar solutions, removal of objectionable teste and odour from water, and the fractionation of mixtures of aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons.
1.1 Our main objective in this project is to refurbish fixed bed adsorption column. The scale of operation ranges from the use of a few grams of adsorbent in the laboratory to industrial plants with an adsorbent inventory.
These operations are all similar in that the mixture to be separated is brought into contact with another insoluble phase, the adsorbent solid, and the unequal distribution of the original constituents between the adsorbed phase on the solid surface and the bulk of the fluid then permits a separation to be made. All the techniques previously found valuable in the contact of insoluble fluids are useful in adsorption. Thus, we have batch wise single – stage and continuous multistage separations and separations analogous to counter current absorption and stripping in the field of gas – liquid contact and to rectification and extraction with the use of reflux. In addition, the rigidity and immobility of a bed of solid adsorbent particles make possible useful application of semiconscious methods which are not at all practicable when two fluids are contacted.
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Refurbishing Of A Fixed And Fluidized Bed:
Refurbishing a fixed and fluidized bed system typically involves a series of steps to restore or improve its functionality, efficiency, and safety. Fixed and fluidized beds are commonly used in various industries, such as petrochemical, chemical processing, wastewater treatment, and power generation, so maintaining and refurbishing them is essential for optimal performance. Here’s a general outline of the refurbishing process for both types of beds:
1. Inspection and Assessment:
Start by thoroughly inspecting the fixed or fluidized bed system to identify areas that need refurbishment. This includes examining the structural components, instrumentation, piping, valves, and safety systems.
Evaluate the overall condition of the bed materials, such as catalysts or particles in fluidized beds, to determine if they need replacement or regeneration.
2. Shutdown and Isolation:
Safely shut down the fixed or fluidized bed system and isolate it from any external processes or utilities.
3. Cleaning and Removal:
Remove any accumulated deposits, fouling, or contaminants from the bed, internals, and associated equipment. Cleaning may involve mechanical methods, chemical cleaning, or high-pressure water jetting, depending on the nature of the fouling.
4. Structural Repairs:
If any structural components are damaged or corroded, repair or replace them as needed. This may include repairing the vessel walls or supports.
5. Refill or Replace Bed Materials:
In the case of fluidized beds, regenerate or replace the bed materials, such as catalysts or sand, to restore their catalytic or adsorption properties.
6. Instrumentation and Controls:
Check and calibrate instrumentation, sensors, and control systems to ensure they are functioning accurately. Replace or upgrade any outdated components.
7. Safety Upgrades:
Ensure that the safety systems, including pressure relief devices, alarms, and emergency shutdown systems, are in proper working order. Make any necessary updates to comply with current safety standards and regulations.
8. Coatings and Linings:
Apply or reapply protective coatings or linings to prevent corrosion and extend the lifespan of the fixed or fluidized bed vessel.
9. Testing and Commissioning:
Conduct a series of tests and simulations to ensure that the refurbished bed operates as expected. This includes performance testing, leak testing, and system integrity checks.
10. Documentation and Training:
Update the system documentation, including operating manuals and maintenance procedures, to reflect any changes made during the refurbishment.
Provide training to operators and maintenance personnel on the updated system and safety procedures.
11. Start-Up and Monitoring:
Gradually restart the fixed or fluidized bed system while closely monitoring its performance and safety parameters. Make any necessary adjustments during the initial startup phase.
12. Ongoing Maintenance:
Implement a regular maintenance schedule to ensure the long-term reliability and performance of the refurbished bed.
It’s essential to follow industry-specific guidelines and regulations when refurbishing fixed and fluidized bed systems, as the process can vary depending on the specific application and materials involved. Additionally, consult with experts or engineers experienced in bed systems to ensure a successful refurbishment.